DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85182-0
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39824979
تاريخ النشر: 2025-01-17
تقارير علمية
افتح
استغلال الابتكار التكنولوجي والطاقة المتجددة وتأثيرهما على التلوث البيئي في دول مجموعة العشرين
الملخص
سيوي هان
| الاختصارات | |
| إعادة | متوسط المجموعة المجمعة – التأخير الذاتي الموزع للطاقة المتجددة |
| ثاني أكسيد الكربون | ثاني أكسيد الكربون |
| الناتج المحلي الإجمالي | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي |
| إي بول | تلوث البيئة |
| تي آي | الابتكار التكنولوجي |
| EF | الحرية الاقتصادية |
| مجموعة العشرين | مجموعة العشرين |
| EKC | منحنى كوزنيتس البيئي |
| الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر | الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر |
| بي بي | البترول البريطاني |
| الوكالة الدولية للطاقة | الوكالة الدولية للطاقة |
| فا | التقدم المالي |

هدف الدراسة
مراجعة الأدبيات
من خلال التصنيع الموجه نحو التصدير، واعتماد تكنولوجيا كفاءة الطاقة، وتعزيز العلاقات التجارية الثنائية. يتضمن التوسع الاقتصادي تحسين إمكانيات الإنتاج وإعادة تخصيص الموارد، وتعزيز الأنشطة الريادية داخل الاقتصاد.
فجوة البحث
مثل الصين، وماليزيا، وبنغلاديش، وباكستان، والولايات المتحدة، واليابان، حيث كانت الصين بارزة بشكل خاص في الأبحاث. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، استكشفت بعض الدراسات مجموعات من الدول مثل BRI، وBRICS، وEU-5، وOECD.
المنهجية

| EF | EP | FA | GDP | RE | TI | |
| المتوسط | 64.44459 | 8.109373 |
|
|
14.35613 | 60,662.30 |
| الوسيط | 63.50000 | 7.575040 |
|
35,129.36 | 9.920000 | 6462.000 |
| الحد الأقصى | 83.10000 | 20.46981 |
|
|
54.48412 | 1,393,815 |
| الحد الأدنى | 43.80000 | 0.765193 | 9.454257 | 1784.334 | 0.009032 | 27.00000 |
| الانحراف المعياري | 9.452494 | 5.222124 |
|
|
13.63423 | 150,328.7 |
| الانحراف | 0.074942 | 0.560652 | 2.819728 | 4.034369 | 1.328989 | 4.999672 |
| التفرطح | 2.008820 | 2.337282 | 11.06588 | 23.10820 | 3.732936 | 35.72487 |
| جارك-بيرا | 18.96753 | 32.02181 | 1828.268 | 8860.759 | 143.4885 | 22,100.82 |
| الاحتمالية | 0.000076 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| المجموع | 29,193.40 | 3673.546 |
|
|
6503.325 | 27,480,022 |
| مجموع الانحراف المربّع | 40,386.04 | 12,326.30 |
|
|
84,023.23 |
|
| الملاحظات | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 |
نموذج PMG-ARDL
النتائج والمناقشة
| متغير | تعريف | المصادر |
| الطاقة المتجددة (LRE) | استهلاك الطاقة المتجددة (% من إجمالي استهلاك الطاقة النهائي) | مؤشرات البيانات العالمية (WDI) |
| التقدم المالي (LFA) | معدل نمو القروض، رأس مال سوق الأسهم، المدخرات، إلخ | مؤشرات البيانات العالمية (WDI) |
| تلوث البيئة (LEPOL) | انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، كإجمالي التلوث البيئي في سنة | مؤشرات البيانات العالمية (WDI) |
| الابتكار التكنولوجي (LTI) | طلبات براءات الاختراع، المقيمون | مؤشرات البيانات العالمية (WDI) |
| الحرية الاقتصادية (LEF) | حرية التجارة وبيع وشراء الممتلكات | مؤشر مؤسسة التراث (HFI) |
| الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (LGDP) | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي (بالدولار الأمريكي الثابت لعام 2015) | مؤشرات البيانات العالمية (WDI) |
| المتغيرات | قرص مضغوط |
| LRE |
|
| الـ LTI |
|
| إل إف إيه |
|
| إل جي دي بي |
|
| ليبول |
|
| ليف |
|
| المتغيرات | CIPS | كادف | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1.327 |
|
-1.828 |
|
|
|
-1.183 |
|
-3.217 |
|
|
|
1.214 |
|
-1.818 |
|
|
|
-1.287 |
|
-3.422 |
|
| إحصائية | احتمال | الإحصائيات الموزونة | احتمال | |
| إحصائية اللوحة v | 0.817518 | 0.2071 | 0.123212 | 0.4511 |
| إحصائية بانل رهو | 0.184499 | 0.5822 | 1.194519 | 0.8235 |
| لوحة PP-الإحصائيات | -5.481299*** | 0.0000 | -3.741412*** | 0.0001 |
| إحصائية ADF للوحة | -0.533466 | 0.3148 | -1.294611* | 0.0928 |
| مجموعة رهو-ستات | ٢.٤٦٦٥٢٩ | 0.9921 | ||
| مجموعة PP-Stat | -4.349112*** | 0.0000 | ||
| مجموعة ADF-Stat | -0.038556 | 0.4212 |
يظهر تأثيرًا إيجابيًا على الطاقة المتجددة، لكن أهميته غير حاسمة في كل من الأجلين القصير والطويل. وبالمثل، تؤثر الحرية الاقتصادية (EF) أيضًا بشكل إيجابي على الطاقة المتجددة، لكن تأثيرها غير ذي دلالة إحصائية في كلا الأفقين الزمنيَّين المدروسين.
| متغير | معامل | خطأ معياري | إحصائية t | احتمالية |
| المدى الطويل | ||||
| إل جي دي بي | -0.228514** | 0.108821 | -2.216851 | 0.0261 |
| ليبول |
|
0.094591 | -19.54411 | 0.0000 |
| إل إف إيه | 0.048112* | 0.055732 | 0.853512 | 0.0841 |
| ليف |
|
0.393314 | 1.379288 | 0.0589 |
| التي |
|
0.045544 | 7.218221 | 0.0000 |
| المدى القصير | ||||
| إدارة محتوى المؤسسات | -0.154282*** | 0.053272 | -2.903912 | 0.0028 |
|
|
-0.038666 | 0.273549 | -0.141522 | 0.8758 |
|
|
-0.647141*** | 0.140311 | -4.683533 | 0.0000 |
|
|
0.202028* | 0.114799 | 1.759911 | 0.0781 |
|
|
0.102663 | 0.199741 | 0.513842 | 0.6054 |
|
|
|
0.087245 | 2.013911 | 0.0491 |
| ج | 0.103941 | 0.065122 | 1.619912 | 0.1072 |
| متغير | معامل | خطأ معياري | إحصائية t | احتمال |
| الـ LTI |
|
0.088702 | ٣.٢٦٤٥٢٨ | 0.0011 |
| إل إف إيه | 0.138248* | 0.085491 | 1.617411 | 0.0065 |
| إل جي دي بي | -0.226147* | 0.133151 | -1.698856 | 0.0911 |
| ليبول | -1.320711*** | 0.116998 | -11.28974 | 0.0000 |
| ليف |
|
0.232216 | ٤.١٣٣١٩٩ | 0.0000 |
| متغير | معامل | خطأ معياري | إحصائية t | احتمال |
| التي |
|
0.071612 | 5.164417 | 0.0021 |
| إل إف إيه | 0.257136** | 0.094382 | ٢.٥٢٨٥٢٢ | 0.0071 |
| إل جي دي بي | -0.315239** | 0.254342 | -1.767745 | 0.0012 |
| ليبول | -2.411832*** | 0.215876 | -9.178633 | 0.0002 |
| ليف |
|
0.147852 | ٣.٢٤٤٢٤٥ | 0.0022 |
تحقق من FMOLS (أقل المربعات المعدلة بالكامل) و DOLS
الخاتمة وتوصيات السياسة
استخدام و
توفر البيانات
تم النشر عبر الإنترنت: 17 يناير 2025
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الشكر والتقدير
مساهمات المؤلفين
الإعلانات
المصالح المتنافسة
معلومات إضافية
معلومات إعادة الطبع والتصاريح متاحة على www.nature.com/reprints.
ملاحظة الناشر تظل Springer Nature محايدة فيما يتعلق بالمطالبات القضائية في الخرائط المنشورة والانتماءات المؤسسية.
© المؤلفون 2025
مدرسة السياسة العامة والإدارة، أكاديمية الصين للعلوم، بكين 100049، الصين. مدرسة الإدارة العامة، جامعة تسينغhua، بكين 100084، الصين. مدرسة السياسة العامة والإدارة، جامعة تسينغhua، بكين 100084، الصين. مركز أبحاث التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، لاهور، باكستان. مدرسة العلاقات الدولية، جامعة يونسي، سيول 03722، جمهورية كوريا. البريد الإلكتروني: hsw3008@163.com; dongpeng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; xrg96@yonsei.ac.kr
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85182-0
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39824979
Publication Date: 2025-01-17
scientific reports
OPEN
Harnessing technological innovation and renewable energy and their impact on environmental pollution in G-20 countries
Abstract
Siwei Han
| Abbreviations | |
| RE | Pooled mean group-Auto-regressive distributed lag Renewable energy |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| EPOL | Environmental pollution |
| TI | Technological Innovation |
| EF | Economic Freedom |
| G-20 | Group of 20 countries |
| EKC | Environmental Kuznets Curve |
| FDI | Foreign direct investment |
| BP | British Petroleum |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| FA | Financial advancement |

Objective of the study
Literature review
through export-oriented manufacturing, energy-efficient technology adoption, and strengthening bilateral trade relationships. Economic expansion involves improving production possibilities and reallocating resources, promoting entrepreneurial activities within the economy
Research gap
as China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the USA, and Japan, with China being particularly prominent in research. Additionally, some studies have explored groups of countries like BRI, BRICS, EU-5, and OECD.
Methodology

| EF | EP | FA | GDP | RE | TI | |
| Mean | 64.44459 | 8.109373 |
|
|
14.35613 | 60,662.30 |
| Median | 63.50000 | 7.575040 |
|
35,129.36 | 9.920000 | 6462.000 |
| Maximum | 83.10000 | 20.46981 |
|
|
54.48412 | 1,393,815 |
| Minimum | 43.80000 | 0.765193 | 9.454257 | 1784.334 | 0.009032 | 27.00000 |
| Std. Dev | 9.452494 | 5.222124 |
|
|
13.63423 | 150,328.7 |
| Skewness | 0.074942 | 0.560652 | 2.819728 | 4.034369 | 1.328989 | 4.999672 |
| Kurtosis | 2.008820 | 2.337282 | 11.06588 | 23.10820 | 3.732936 | 35.72487 |
| Jarque-Bera | 18.96753 | 32.02181 | 1828.268 | 8860.759 | 143.4885 | 22,100.82 |
| Probability | 0.000076 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| Sum | 29,193.40 | 3673.546 |
|
|
6503.325 | 27,480,022 |
| Sum Sq. Dev | 40,386.04 | 12,326.30 |
|
|
84,023.23 |
|
| Observations | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 | 453 |
Panel PMG-ARDL model
Results and discussion
| Variable | Definition | Sources |
| Renewable Energy (LRE) | Renewable Energy Consumption (% of total final energy consumption | World Data Indicators (WDI) |
| Financial Advancement (LFA) | Loan growth rate, stock market capitalization, savings, etc | World Data Indicators (WDI) |
| Environmental Pollution (LEPOL) | CO2 emissions, as the total environmental pollution in a year | World Data Indicators (WDI) |
| Technological Innovation (LTI) | Patent applications, residents | World Data Indicators (WDI) |
| Economic Freedom (LEF) | Freedom of business and property sale purchase | Heritage Foundation Index (HFI) |
| Gross Domestic Product (LGDP) | GDP (constant 2015 US$) | World Data Indicators (WDI) |
| Variables | CD |
| LRE |
|
| LTI |
|
| LFA |
|
| LGDP |
|
| LEPOL |
|
| LEF |
|
| Variables | CIPS | CADF | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-1.327 |
|
-1.828 |
|
|
|
-1.183 |
|
-3.217 |
|
|
|
1.214 |
|
-1.818 |
|
|
|
-1.287 |
|
-3.422 |
|
| Statistic | Prob. | Weighted Stat. | Prob. | |
| Panel v-Statistic | 0.817518 | 0.2071 | 0.123212 | 0.4511 |
| Panel rho-Statistic | 0.184499 | 0.5822 | 1.194519 | 0.8235 |
| Panel PP-Statistic | -5.481299*** | 0.0000 | -3.741412*** | 0.0001 |
| Panel ADF-Statistic | -0.533466 | 0.3148 | -1.294611* | 0.0928 |
| Group rho-Stat | 2.466529 | 0.9921 | ||
| Group PP-Stat | -4.349112*** | 0.0000 | ||
| Group ADF-Stat | -0.038556 | 0.4212 |
shows a positive impact on renewable energy, but its significance is inconclusive in both the long and short run. Similarly, economic freedom (EF) also positively affects renewable energy, but its impact is statistically insignificant in both time horizons examined.
| Variable | Coefficient | Std Error | t-Statistic | Probability |
| Long run | ||||
| LGDP | -0.228514** | 0.108821 | -2.216851 | 0.0261 |
| LEPOL |
|
0.094591 | -19.54411 | 0.0000 |
| LFA | 0.048112* | 0.055732 | 0.853512 | 0.0841 |
| LEF |
|
0.393314 | 1.379288 | 0.0589 |
| LTI |
|
0.045544 | 7.218221 | 0.0000 |
| Short run | ||||
| ECM | -0.154282*** | 0.053272 | -2.903912 | 0.0028 |
|
|
-0.038666 | 0.273549 | -0.141522 | 0.8758 |
|
|
-0.647141*** | 0.140311 | -4.683533 | 0.0000 |
|
|
0.202028* | 0.114799 | 1.759911 | 0.0781 |
|
|
0.102663 | 0.199741 | 0.513842 | 0.6054 |
|
|
|
0.087245 | 2.013911 | 0.0491 |
| C | 0.103941 | 0.065122 | 1.619912 | 0.1072 |
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
| LTI |
|
0.088702 | 3.264528 | 0.0011 |
| LFA | 0.138248* | 0.085491 | 1.617411 | 0.0065 |
| LGDP | -0.226147* | 0.133151 | -1.698856 | 0.0911 |
| LEPOL | -1.320711*** | 0.116998 | -11.28974 | 0.0000 |
| LEF |
|
0.232216 | 4.133199 | 0.0000 |
| Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
| LTI |
|
0.071612 | 5.164417 | 0.0021 |
| LFA | 0.257136** | 0.094382 | 2.528522 | 0.0071 |
| LGDP | -0.315239** | 0.254342 | -1.767745 | 0.0012 |
| LEPOL | -2.411832*** | 0.215876 | -9.178633 | 0.0002 |
| LEF |
|
0.147852 | 3.244245 | 0.0022 |
Validation of FMOLS (fully modified OLS) and DOLS
Conclusion and policy recommendation
use and a
Data availability
Published online: 17 January 2025
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School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. School of Public Policy & Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Center for Socio-Economic Development Research, Lahore, Pakistan. School of International Relations, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. email: hsw3008@163.com; dongpeng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; xrg96@yonsei.ac.kr
