DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85943-x
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39824886
تاريخ النشر: 2025-01-17
تقارير علمية
افتح
الإيذاء الجسدي والعاطفي مع إدمان الإنترنت والقلق كوسيط والنشاط البدني كمعتدل
الملخص
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف العلاقة بين الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية (الإساءة الجسدية العاطفية) وإدمان الإنترنت لدى طلاب الجامعات، بالإضافة إلى الدور الوسيط للقلق والدور المعدل للنشاط البدني. تم قياس بيانات الإساءة الجسدية العاطفية والقلق وإدمان الإنترنت والنشاط البدني من خلال استبيان ذاتي باستخدام عينة ملائمة في مارس 2024. تم التحقيق مع 1591 مشاركًا (806 ذكور و692 إناث) من مقاطعات شانشي، وهينان، وهونان، وهوبى في الصين. بعد ذلك، تم استكشاف العلاقات بين المتغيرات باستخدام تحليل الارتباط لبيرسون. أخيرًا، تم تقييم نماذج الوساطة والتعديل باستخدام ملحق SPSS PROCESS. بعد التحكم في جنس المشاركين، ومستوى الصف، ومكان الإقامة، وحالة الطفل الوحيد، كشفت نتائج الدراسة أن الإساءة الجسدية العاطفية تنبأت بشكل كبير وإيجابي بإدمان الإنترنت والقلق بين طلاب الجامعات.
خلفية
هي عامل مهم يؤثر على النشاط البدني للمراهقين.
طرق البحث
المشاركون
أدوات القياس
الإساءة البدنية والعاطفية
القلق

إدمان الإنترنت
النشاط البدني
المتغيرات المشتركة
معالجة البيانات
النتيجة
اختبار انحراف الطريقة الشائعة
تحليل الارتباط
اختبار نموذج الوساطة للقلق
| المتغيرات | 1 | 2 | ٣ | ٤ |
| 1. الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 1 | |||
| 2. القلق | 0.253** | 1 | ||
| 3. إدمان الإنترنت | 0.136** | 0.472** | 1 | |
| 4. النشاط البدني | -0.030 | -0.094** | -0.064* | 1 |
| M | 1.080 | ١٢٫٠٩٠ | 19.660 | ٢.٥٩٠ |
| SD | 1.395 | ٤.٣١٤ | 6.674 | 1.980 |
| متغيرات النتائج | المتغيرات التنبؤية | ر |
|
ف |
|
SE | ت | فترة الثقة 95% باستخدام طريقة البوتستراب | |
| الحد الأدنى | الحد الأقصى | ||||||||
| قلق | الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 0.275 | 0.075 | ٢٤.٤٦٥ | 0.271 | 0.025 | 10.822*** | 0.222 | 0.320 |
| جنس | 0.125 | 0.051 | 2.483* | 0.026 | 0.225 | ||||
| درجة | 0.046 | 0.041 | 1.107 | -0.035 | 0.128 | ||||
| مكان الإقامة | 0.041 | 0.051 | 0.807 | -0.059 | 0.141 | ||||
| حالة الطفل الوحيد | 0.062 | 0.061 | 1.021 | -0.057 | 0.181 | ||||
| إدمان الإنترنت | الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 0.247 | 0.061 | 19.408 | 0.157 | 0.025 | 6.235*** | 0.107 | 0.207 |
| جنس | 0.٤٠٩ | 0.051 | 8.005*** | 0.308 | 0.509 | ||||
| درجة | 0.020 | 0.042 | 0.473 | -0.062 | 0.102 | ||||
| مكان الإقامة | 0.018 | 0.051 | 0.362 | -0.082 | 0.120 | ||||
| وضع الطفل الوحيد | 0.049 | 0.061 | 0.801 | -0.071 | 0.169 | ||||
| إدمان الإنترنت | الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 0.498 | 0.248 | 82.282 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 1.503 | -0.01 | 0.081 |
| قلق | 0.450 | 19.3 | 7.803*** | 0.404 | 0.496 | ||||
| جنس | 0.352 | 0.045 | 7.690*** | 0.262 | 0.442 | ||||
| درجة | -0.001 | 0.037 | -0.023 | -0.074 | 0.073 | ||||
| مكان الإقامة | 0.003 | 0.046 | 0.002 | -0.091 | 0.091 | ||||
| وضع الطفل الوحيد | 0.021 | 0.054 | 0.384 | -0.086 | 0.128 | ||||
أثر الوساطة المعتدلة
نقاش

| أثر | حجم التأثير | فترة الثقة 95% باستخدام طريقة البوتستراب | SE | نسبة التأثيرات الوسيطة (%) |
| التأثير الكلي | 0.157 |
|
0.025 | |
| الأثر المباشر | 0.035 |
|
0.024 | 22.29 |
| أثر غير مباشر | 0.122 |
|
0.014 | ٧٧.٧١ |
| متغيرات النتائج | المتغيرات التنبؤية | ر |
|
ف |
|
SE | ت | فترة الثقة 95% باستخدام طريقة بوتستراب | |
| الحد الأدنى | الحد الأعلى | ||||||||
| قلق | الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 0.288 | 0.082 | 19.249 | 0.266*** | 0.025 | 10.652 | 0.217 | 0.315 |
| النشاط البدني | -0.062* | 0.025 | -2.459 | -0.111 | -0.013 | ||||
| جنس | 0.119* | 0.05 | ٢.٢٤٦ | 0.02 | 0.218 | ||||
| درجة | 0.035 | 0.041 | 0.827 | -0.047 | 0.116 | ||||
| مكان الإقامة | 0.054 | 0.05 | 0.92 | -0.043 | 0.153 | ||||
| وضع الطفل الوحيد | 0.050 | 0.061 | 0.826 | -0.068 | 0.169 | ||||
| الإساءة الجسدية-العاطفية × النشاط البدني | -0.053* | 0.023 | -2.200 | -0.098 | -0.006 | ||||
| إدمان الإنترنت | الإساءة الجسدية والعاطفية | 0.498 | 0.248 | 82.282 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 1.503 | -0.011 | 0.081 |
| قلق | 0.450*** | 0.023 | 19.300 | 0.404 | 0.496 | ||||
| جنس | 0.352*** | 0.045 | 7.690 | 0.262 | 0.442 | ||||
| درجة | -0.001 | 0.038 | -0.023 | -0.075 | 0.073 | ||||
| مكان الإقامة | 0.001 | 0.046 | 0.002 | -0.09 | 0.09 | ||||
| حالة الطفل الوحيد | 0.021 | 0.054 | 0.384 | -0.086 | 0.128 | ||||


القيود
متغيراتنا الضابطة. ستتعمق الأبحاث المستقبلية في هذه العوامل من زوايا متعددة. ثانيًا، بسبب قيود طريقة أخذ العينات لدينا، قد تكون قابلية تعميم نتائجنا على جميع طلاب الجامعات الصينية محدودة. عيّنتنا محصورة في طلاب الجامعات من أربع مقاطعات في الصين. يجب أن تهدف الدراسات المستقبلية إلى تضمين مجموعة أكثر تنوعًا من الطلاب الدوليين. ثالثًا، قد يؤدي الاعتماد على طرق جمع البيانات المبلغ عنها ذاتيًا إلى إدخال تحيز في الذاكرة، مما يفرض قيودًا معينة على موضوعية بياناتنا. ستتبنى الدراسات المستقبلية طرقًا أكثر فعالية، مثل المقابلات، أو التقييمات من طرف ثالث، أو بيانات استخدام الإنترنت. أخيرًا، قد يؤثر تصنيف شدة وتكرار الإساءة البدنية-العاطفية إلى فئات ثنائية (“نعم” أو “لا”) على دراستنا. يجب أن تستخدم الأبحاث المستقبلية معايير قياس أكثر دقة، مثل مقاييس ليكرت. بسبب تصميم الاستطلاع الأصلي، سيطرت دراستنا فقط على درجة المستجيبين، والجنس، ومكان الإقامة، وحالة الطفل الوحيد، مما قد يحد من شمولية نتائجنا. ستسعى الدراسات المستقبلية إلى إجراء مناقشة أكثر شمولية للبحث. في الختام، بينما تقدم هذه الدراسة رؤى قيمة حول العلاقة بين الإساءة البدنية-العاطفية وإدمان الإنترنت بين طلاب الجامعات، من الضروري معالجة هذه القيود في الأبحاث المستقبلية لتعزيز فهم هذه الديناميات المعقدة.
الخاتمة
توفر البيانات
تم النشر عبر الإنترنت: 17 يناير 2025
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الشكر والتقدير
مساهمات المؤلفين
الإعلانات
موافقة الأخلاقيات والموافقة على المشاركة
المصالح المتنافسة
معلومات إضافية
معلومات إعادة الطبع والتصاريح متاحة على www.nature.com/reprints.
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© المؤلفون 2025
كلية علوم الرياضة، جامعة جيشوا، جيشوا، الصين. جامعة تشنغدو الرياضية، تشنغدو، الصين. معهد التربية البدنية، جامعة شانشي للمالية والاقتصاد، تايوان، الصين. البريد الإلكتروني: Idyedu@foxmail.com; jdzhangtiancheng@163.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85943-x
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39824886
Publication Date: 2025-01-17
scientific reports
OPEN
Physical and emotional abuse with internet addiction and anxiety as a mediator and physical activity as a moderator
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical and emotional abuse (physicalemotional abuse) and Internet addiction in university students, as well as the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of physical activity. The data of physical-emotional abuse, anxiety and Internet addiction, and physical activity were measured by subjective questionnaire with convenience sampling in March 2024. A total of 1591 participants ( 806 males and 692 females) from Shanxi, Henan, Hunan and Hubei provinces in China were investigated. Subsequently, the relationships among the variables were explored using pearson correlation analysis. Finally, mediation and moderation models were assessed using the SPSS PROCESS macro plugin. After controlling for participants’ gender, grade level, and place of residence, only-child status, the study findings revealed that physical-emotional abuse significantly and positively predicted internet addiction and anxiety among university students (
Background
abuse is a significant factor affecting adolescents’ physical activity
Methods
Participants
Measuring tools
Physical-emotional abuse
Anxiety

Internet addiction
Physical activity
Covariates
Data processing
Result
Common method deviation test
Correlation analysis
A mediating model test for anxiety
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1. Physical-emotional abuse | 1 | |||
| 2. Anxiety | 0.253** | 1 | ||
| 3. Internet addiction | 0.136** | 0.472** | 1 | |
| 4. Physical activity | -0.030 | -0.094** | -0.064* | 1 |
| M | 1.080 | 12.090 | 19.660 | 2.590 |
| SD | 1.395 | 4.314 | 6.674 | 1.980 |
| Outcome variables | Predictive variables | R |
|
F |
|
SE | t | Bootstrap 95%CI | |
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||||
| Anxiety | Physical-emotional abuse | 0.275 | 0.075 | 24.465 | 0.271 | 0.025 | 10.822*** | 0.222 | 0.320 |
| Gender | 0.125 | 0.051 | 2.483* | 0.026 | 0.225 | ||||
| Grade | 0.046 | 0.041 | 1.107 | -0.035 | 0.128 | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.041 | 0.051 | 0.807 | -0.059 | 0.141 | ||||
| Only-child status | 0.062 | 0.061 | 1.021 | -0.057 | 0.181 | ||||
| Internet addiction | Physical-emotional abuse | 0.247 | 0.061 | 19.408 | 0.157 | 0.025 | 6.235*** | 0.107 | 0.207 |
| Gender | 0.409 | 0.051 | 8.005*** | 0.308 | 0.509 | ||||
| Grade | 0.020 | 0.042 | 0.473 | -0.062 | 0.102 | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.018 | 0.051 | 0.362 | -0.082 | 0.120 | ||||
| Only-child status | 0.049 | 0.061 | 0.801 | -0.071 | 0.169 | ||||
| Internet addiction | Physical-emotional abuse | 0.498 | 0.248 | 82.282 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 1.503 | -0.01 | 0.081 |
| Anxiety | 0.450 | 19.3 | 7.803*** | 0.404 | 0.496 | ||||
| Gender | 0.352 | 0.045 | 7.690*** | 0.262 | 0.442 | ||||
| Grade | -0.001 | 0.037 | -0.023 | -0.074 | 0.073 | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.003 | 0.046 | 0.002 | -0.091 | 0.091 | ||||
| Only-child status | 0.021 | 0.054 | 0.384 | -0.086 | 0.128 | ||||
Moderated mediating effect
Discussion

| Effect | Effect size | Bootstrap 95%CI | SE | Proportion of mediating effects (%) |
| Total effect | 0.157 |
|
0.025 | |
| Direct effect | 0.035 |
|
0.024 | 22.29 |
| Indirect effect | 0.122 |
|
0.014 | 77.71 |
| Outcome variables | Predictive variables | R |
|
F |
|
SE | t | Butstrap 95%CI | |
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||||
| Anxiety | Physical-emotional abuse | 0.288 | 0.082 | 19.249 | 0.266*** | 0.025 | 10.652 | 0.217 | 0.315 |
| Physical activity | -0.062* | 0.025 | -2.459 | -0.111 | -0.013 | ||||
| Gender | 0.119* | 0.05 | 2.246 | 0.02 | 0.218 | ||||
| Grade | 0.035 | 0.041 | 0.827 | -0.047 | 0.116 | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.054 | 0.05 | 0.92 | -0.043 | 0.153 | ||||
| Only-child status | 0.050 | 0.061 | 0.826 | -0.068 | 0.169 | ||||
| Physical-emotional abuse × Physical activity | -0.053* | 0.023 | -2.200 | -0.098 | -0.006 | ||||
| Internet addiction | Physical-emotional abuse | 0.498 | 0.248 | 82.282 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 1.503 | -0.011 | 0.081 |
| Anxiety | 0.450*** | 0.023 | 19.300 | 0.404 | 0.496 | ||||
| Gender | 0.352*** | 0.045 | 7.690 | 0.262 | 0.442 | ||||
| Grade | -0.001 | 0.038 | -0.023 | -0.075 | 0.073 | ||||
| Place of residence | 0.001 | 0.046 | 0.002 | -0.09 | 0.09 | ||||
| Only-child status | 0.021 | 0.054 | 0.384 | -0.086 | 0.128 | ||||


Limitations
of our control variables. Future research will delve into these factors from multiple perspectives. Secondly, due to the limitations of our sampling method, the generalizability of our findings to the entire population of Chinese university students may be limited. Our sample is confined to university students from four provinces in China. Future studies should aim to include a more diverse international student population. Thirdly, the reliance on self-reported data collection methods may introduce recall bias, posing certain limitations to the objectivity of our data. Future studies will adopt more effective methods, such as interviews, third-party assessments, or internet usage data. Lastly, the categorization of the severity and frequency of physical-emotional abuse into binary categories (“yes” or “no”) may have an impact on our study. Future research should employ more nuanced measurement standards, such as Likert scales. Due to the original survey design, our study only controlled for the respondents’ grade, gender, place of residence, and only-child status, which may limit the comprehensiveness of our findings. Future studies will aim to conduct a more holistic discussion of the research. In conclusion, while this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between physical-emotional abuse and internet addiction among university students, it is imperative to address these limitations in future research to enhance the understanding of these complex dynamics.
Conclusion
Data availability
Published online: 17 January 2025
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School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China. Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China. Institute of Physical Education, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyvan, China. email: Idyedu@foxmail.com; jdzhangtiancheng@163.com
