DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7308a5
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38421945
تاريخ النشر: 2024-02-29
الفعالية المؤقتة للقاحات COVID-19 المحدثة لعام 2023-2024 (أحادية التكافؤ XBB.1.5) ضد حالات الطوارئ المرتبطة بـ COVID-19 وزيارات الرعاية العاجلة والقبول في المستشفى بين البالغين ذوي المناعة السليمة الذين تتراوح أعمارهم ≥18 عامًا – شبكات VISION و IVY، سبتمبر 2023 – يناير 2024
الملخص
في سبتمبر 2023، أوصى اللجنة الاستشارية لممارسات التحصين التابعة لمراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها بتحديث لقاح COVID-19 لعام 2023-2024 (أحادي التكافؤ XBB.1.5) لجميع الأشخاص الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين
مقدمة
بما في ذلك الأمراض الشديدة (1). على الرغم من أن جرعة لقاح محدثة واحدة موصى بها لمعظم الأشخاص الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين
طرق
جمع البيانات
تحليل البيانات
تم إجراء التحليلات باستخدام برنامج R (الإصدار 4.3.2؛ مؤسسة R) لتحليل VISION وبرنامج SAS (الإصدار 9.4؛ معهد SAS) لتحليل IVY. تم مراجعة هذا النشاط من قبل مركز السيطرة على الأمراض، واعتبر غير بحثي، وتم تنفيذه بما يتماشى مع القانون الفيدرالي المعمول به وسياسة مركز السيطرة على الأمراض.**** تم مراجعة هذا النشاط والموافقة عليه كنشاط بحثي من قبل أحد مواقع VISION.
النتائج
تحديث فعالية لقاح COVID-19 ضد حالات الطوارئ/الرعاية العاجلة المرتبطة بـ COVID-19، شبكة VISION
تحديث فعالية لقاح COVID-19 ضد الاستشفاء المرتبط بـ COVID-19، شبكات VISION و IVY
خاصية | شبكة VE، لا. (عمود \٪) | |||||
رؤية | اللبلاب | |||||
إجمالي عدد المرضى | حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على كوفيد-19 | إجمالي عدد المرضى | حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على كوفيد-19 | |
جميع حالات الطوارئ / الرعاية العاجلة | 128,825 | 17,229 | 111،596 | - | - | - |
حالة تطعيم COVID-19 | ||||||
لا جرعة محدثة* | 114،150 (89) | 15,932 (92) | 98،218 (88) | - | - | - |
جرعة محدثة
|
14,675 (11) | 1،297 (8) | 13,378 (12) | - | - | - |
جرعة محدثة، 7-59 يومًا في وقت سابق | 10,197 (8) | 825 (5) | 9,372 (8) | - | - | - |
جرعة محدثة، 60-119 يومًا سابقًا | 4,478 (3) | 472 (3) | ٤،٠٠٦ (٤) | - | - | - |
العمر الوسيط، سنوات (IQR) | 52 (34-71) | 54 (35-72) | 52 (33-70) | - | - | - |
فئة العمر، سنوات | ||||||
18-64 | 85،121 (66) | 10,959 (64) | 74،162 (66) | - | - | - |
|
٤٣،٧٠٤ (٣٤) | 6،270 (36) | 37,434 (34) | - | - | - |
الجنس الأنثوي | 78،702 (61) | 10,292 (60) | 68,410 (61) | - | - | - |
العرق والإثنية | ||||||
أسود أو أمريكي من أصل أفريقي، نيوهامبشير | 13،252 (10) | 1،425 (8) | 11,827 (11) | - | - | - |
وايت، نيوهامبشير | 81,818 (64) | 11,594 (67) | 70،224 (63) | - | - | - |
لاتيني أو هيسباني، أي عرق | 18,664 (14) | 2،316 (13) | 16,348 (15) | - | - | - |
آخر
|
12,782 (10) | 1,590 (9) | 11،192 (10) | - | - | - |
غير معروف
|
2،309 (2) | 304 (2) | 2،005 (2) | - | - | - |
منطقة HHS
|
||||||
1 | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | - | - | - |
2 | 0 (-) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | - | - | - |
٣ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | - | - | - |
٤ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | - | - | - |
٥ | ٤٥،٢٣٢ (٣٥) | ٥،٩٠٧ (٣٤) | ٣٩،٣٢٥ (٣٥) | - | - | - |
٦ | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | - | - | - |
٧ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | - | - | - |
٨ | 37،173 (29) | 7,466 (43) | ٢٩،٧٠٧ (٢٧) | - | - | - |
9 | ٣٧،٣٤٦ (٢٩) | 2,829 (16) | ٣٤،٥١٧ (٣١) | - | - | - |
10 | 9,074 (7) | 1,027 (6) | 8,047 (7) | - | - | - |
عدد فئات الحالات الطبية المزمنة** | ||||||
0 | 93،347 (72) | 13,540 (79) | 79,807 (72) | - | - | - |
1 | 25,509 (20) | 2,542 (15) | ٢٢،٩٦٧ (٢١) | - | - | - |
2 | 6،619 (5) | 814 (5) | ٥،٨٠٥ (٥) | - | - | - |
٣ | ٢،٤٣٩ (٢) | 230 (1) | 2،209 (2) | - | - | - |
٤ | 720 (1) | 84 (<1) | 636 (1) | - | - | - |
|
191 (<1) | 19 (<1) | 172 (<1) | - | - | واحد |
شهر من لقاءات الطوارئ / الرعاية العاجلة المرتبطة بكوفيد-19 | ||||||
سبتمبر 2023 | 9,787 (8) | 1،222 (7) | 8,565 (8) | - | - | - |
أكتوبر 2023 | 29,836 (23) | 3,521 (20) | ٢٦،٣١٥ (٢٤) | - | - | - |
نوفمبر 2023 | ٣٣،٩٨٨ (٢٦) | ٤،٤٨٧ (٢٦) | ٢٩،٥٠١ (٢٦) | - | - | - |
ديسمبر 2023 | 42،403 (33) | 6،289 (37) | ٣٦،١١٤ (٣٢) | - | - | - |
يناير 2024 | 12,811 (10) | 1،710 (10) | 11،101 (10) | - | - | - |
فترة هيمنة سلالة SARS-CoV-2 JN.1
|
24,923 (19) | 3,597 (21) | 21,326 (19) | - | - | - |
جميع حالات الاستشفاء | ٣٧،٥٠٣ | ٤،٥٨٩ | 32,914 | ٤،١١٧ | 1،194 | ٢،٩٢٣ |
حالة تطعيم COVID-19 | ||||||
لا توجد جرعة محدثة* | 32,909 (88) | 4،194 (91) | 28,715 (87) | 3,670 (89) | 1،100 (92) | 2,570 (88) |
جرعة محدثة
|
٤،٥٩٤ (١٢) | 395 (9) | 4،199 (13) | 447 (11) | 94 (8) | 353 (12) |
جرعة محدثة، 7-59 يومًا في وقت سابق | 3,326 (9) | ٢٧٠ (٦) | 3,056 (9) | ٢٨٣ (٧) | 57 (5) | 226 (8) |
جرعة محدثة، 60-119 يومًا سابقًا | 1،268 (3) | 125 (3) | 1،143 (3) | 164 (4) | 37 (3) | 127 (4) |
العمر الوسيط، سنوات (IQR) | 71 (59-81) | 77 (67-84) | 71 (58-81) | 68 (55-78) | 73 (61-82) | 66 (53-76) |
فئة العمر، سنوات | ||||||
18-64 | 12,975 (35) | 976 (21) | 11,999 (36) | 1،765 (43) | 371 (31) | 1,394 (48) |
|
٢٤،٥٢٨ (٦٥) | 3,613 (79) | 20,915 (64) | 2,352 (57) | 823 (69) | 1،529 (52) |
الجنس الأنثوي | ٢٠،٠٨٣ (٥٤) | 2،365 (52) | 17,718 (54) | 2،127 (52) | 623 (52) | 1،504 (51) |
خاصية | شبكة VE، لا. (عمود \٪) | |||||
رؤية | اللبلاب | |||||
إجمالي عدد المرضى | حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على كوفيد-19 | إجمالي عدد المرضى | حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على كوفيد-19 | |
العرق والإثنية | ||||||
أسود أو أمريكي من أصل أفريقي، نيوهامبشير | 3,979 (11) | 346 (8) | 3,633 (11) | 929 (23) | 226 (19) | 703 (24) |
وايت، نيوهامبشير | ٢٦،٤٩٩ (٧١) | 3,479 (76) | 23,020 (70) | 2,358 (57) | 752 (63) | 1,606 (55) |
لاتيني أو هيسباني، أي عرق | 3,510 (9) | 354 (8) | 3,156 (10) | 540 (13) | ١٣٣ (١١) | 407 (14) |
آخر
|
3،112 (8) | 373 (8) | 2,739 (8) | 153 (4) | 40 (3) | 113 (4) |
غير معروف
|
403 (1) | 37 (1) | ٣٦٦ (١) | 137 (3) | ٤٣ (٤) | 94 (3) |
منطقة HHS
|
||||||
1 | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 892 (22) | ٣٣٠ (٢٨) | 562 (19) |
٢ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 291 (7) | 62 (5) | 229 (8) |
٣ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 41 (1) | 14 (1) | 27 (1) |
٤ | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | 0 (واحد) | 525 (13) | 125 (10) | ٤٠٠ (١٤) |
٥ | 17,479 (47) | 2،154 (47) | 15،325 (47) | ٤٨٤ (١٢) | 160 (13) | ٣٢٤ (١١) |
٦ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 518 (13) | ١٢٩ (١١) | 389 (13) |
٧ | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 0 (واحد) | 138 (3) | ٣٦ (٣) | ١٠٢ (٣) |
٨ | 6,982 (19) | 1،061 (23) | 5,921 (18) | 759 (18) | 194 (16) | 565 (19) |
9 | 11,252 (30) | 1،211 (26) | 10,041 (31) | ٣٢٣ (٨) | ١٠١ (٨) | 222 (8) |
10 | 1،790 (5) | 163 (4) | 1,627 (5) | 146 (4) | ٤٣ (٤) | ١٠٣ (٤) |
عدد فئات الحالات الطبية المزمنة** | ||||||
0 | 5،113 (14) | 643 (14) | 4،470 (14) | 389 (9) | 98 (8) | 291 (10) |
1 | 6،316 (17) | 624 (14) | 5,692 (17) | 807 (20) | 237 (20) | 570 (20) |
2 | 7،234 (19) | 847 (18) | 6,387 (19) | 1،171 (28) | 340 (28) | 831 (28) |
٣ | 9،230 (25) | 1،255 (27) | 7,975 (24) | 975 (24) | 290 (24) | 685 (23) |
٤ | 6,545 (17) | 830 (18) | 5,715 (17) | 521 (13) | 156 (13) | 365 (12) |
|
3,065 (8) | 390 (8) | 2,675 (8) | 254 (6) | 73 (6) | 181 (6) |
شهر الاستشفاء المرتبط بكوفيد-19 | ||||||
سبتمبر 2023 | 2,960 (8) | ٢٧٠ (٦) | 2،690 (8) | ٣٢٢ (٨) | 126 (11) | 196 (7) |
أكتوبر 2023 | 9،789 (26) | 1،011 (22) | 8,778 (27) | 1،081 (26) | ٣٥٢ (٢٩) | 729 (25) |
نوفمبر 2023 | 10,439 (28) | 1،283 (28) | 9،156 (28) | 1,021 (25) | 300 (25) | 721 (25) |
ديسمبر 2023 | 11,791 (31) | 1,674 (36) | 10،117 (31) | 949 (23) | 230 (19) | 719 (25) |
يناير 2024 | ٢،٥٢٤ (٧) | ٣٥١ (٨) | 2،173 (7) | 744 (18) | 186 (16) | ٥٥٨ (١٩) |
فترة هيمنة سلالة SARS-CoV-2 JN.1
|
5،486 (15) | 807 (18) | 4,679 (14) | 901 (22) | 231 (19) | 670 (23) |
*مجموعة “لا جرعة محدثة” شملت جميع الأشخاص المؤهلين الذين لم يتلقوا جرعة محدثة من لقاح COVID-19 (2023-2024)، بغض النظر عن عدد الجرعات السابقة (أي، الجرعات الأحادية والثنائية الأصلية) التي تم تلقيها (إن وجدت).
فئات الحالات الأساسية في VISION شملت أمراض الرئة، وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، وأمراض الأوعية الدموية الدماغية، وأمراض الجهاز العضلي الهيكلي، والأمراض العصبية، وأمراض الدم، وأمراض الغدد الصماء، وأمراض الكلى، وأمراض الجهاز الهضمي. فئات الحالات الأساسية في IVY شملت أمراض الرئة، وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، والأمراض العصبية، وأمراض الدم، وأمراض الغدد الصماء، وأمراض الكلى، وأمراض الجهاز الهضمي، وأمراض المناعة الذاتية.
فئة العمر، سنوات/ نمط جرعات لقاح COVID-19 | لا. (نسبة العمود %) | الفترة المتوسطة منذ آخر جرعة للأشخاص الملقحين، أيام (IQR) | VE %* (95% CI) | |
حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على COVID-19 | |||
|
||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
15,932 (92) | 98,218 (88) | 669 (403-792) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 1,297 (8) | 13,378 (12) | 44 (26-64) | ٤٧ (٤٤-٥٠) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | 825 (5) | 9,372 (8) | ٣٣ (٢٠-٤٦) | ٥١ (٤٧-٥٤) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | 472 (3) | ٤٠٠٦ (٤) | 74 (66-83) | ٣٩ (٣٣-٤٥) |
18-64 | ||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
10,582 (97) | 69,423 (94) | 697 (480-832) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 377 (3) | 4,739 (6) | 42 (24-62) | 50 (44-55) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | 259 (2) | 3,457 (5) | 31 (19-45) | 52 (45-58) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | ١١٨ (١) | 1,282 (2) | 73 (66-83) | ٤٥ (٣٤-٥٥) |
|
||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
5,350 (85) | 28,795 (77) | ٥٠٩ (٣٦٢-٧٣٣) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 920 (15) | 8,639 (23) | ٤٦ (٢٧-٦٦) | ٤٥ (٤١-٤٩) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | 566 (9) | 5,915 (16) | 33 (21-46) | ٤٩ (٤٤-٥٤) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | ٣٥٤ (٦) | ٢,٧٢٤ (٧) | 74 (66-83) | ٣٧ (٢٩-٤٤) |
- تم حساب VE على أنه (1 – نسبة الأرجحية)
تم حساب نسب الأرجحية باستخدام الانحدار اللوجستي المتعدد المتغيرات. بالنسبة لرؤية، تم تعديل نسبة الأرجحية حسب العمر والجنس والعرق والإثنية والمنطقة الجغرافية والوقت التقويمي (الأيام منذ 1 يناير 2021).
شملت مجموعة “عدم الحصول على جرعة محدثة” جميع الأشخاص المؤهلين الذين لم يتلقوا جرعة محدثة من لقاح COVID-19 (2023-2024)، بغض النظر عن عدد الجرعات السابقة (أي، الجرعات الأحادية والثنائية الأصلية) التي تم تلقيها (إن وجدت).
نقاش
شبكة VE/فئة العمر، سنوات/نمط جرعات لقاح COVID-19 | لا. (نسبة العمود %) | الفترة المتوسطة منذ آخر جرعة للأشخاص الملقحين، أيام (IQR) | VE %* (95% CI) | |
حالات مرضى كوفيد-19 | مرضى السيطرة على COVID-19 | |||
الرؤية (4589 مريضًا و32914 مريضًا ضابطًا) | ||||
|
||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
4,194 (91) | 28,715 (87) | 627 (383 إلى 765) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 395 (9) | 4,199 (13) | 42 (24 إلى 62) | 52 (47 إلى 57) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | ٢٧٠ (٦) | 3,056 (9) | 32 (19 إلى 45) | 53 (46 إلى 59) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | 125 (3) | 1,143 (3) | 73 (66 إلى 81) | 50 (40 إلى 59) |
18-64 | ||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
938 (96) | 11,342 (95) | 685 (447 إلى 829) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | ٣٨ (٤) | 657 (5) | ٣٨ (٢٢ إلى ٥٨) | 43 (20 إلى 59) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | ٢٨ (٣) | 503 (4) | 30 (19 إلى 44) | 42 (14 إلى 61) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | 10 (1) | 154 (1) | 74 (67 إلى 81) | 45 (-6 إلى 71)
|
|
||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
3,256 (90) | 17,373 (83) | 549 (370 إلى 745) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 357 (10) | 3,542 (17) | ٤٣ (٢٥ إلى ٦٢) | 53 (47 إلى 58) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | 242 (7) | 2,553 (12) | 32 (19 إلى 46) | 54 (47 إلى 60) |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | ١١٥ (٣) | 989 (5) | 73 (66 إلى 81) | 50 (39 إلى 59) |
لا جرعة محدثة
|
1,100 (92) | ٢,٥٧٠ (٨٨) | 645 (387 إلى 781) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 94 (8) | 353 (12) | ٤٧ (٢٥ إلى ٧١) | ٤٣ (٢٧ إلى ٥٦) |
من 7 إلى 59 يومًا سابقًا | – | – | – | – |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | – | – | – | – |
|
||||
لا جرعة محدثة
|
747 (91) | 1,284 (84) | 573 (375 إلى 752) | مرجع |
تم استلام الجرعة المحدثة | 76 (9) | 245 (16) | ٤٨ (٢٦ إلى ٧٢) | ٤٨ (٣١ إلى ٦١) |
7-59 يومًا سابقًا | – | – | – | – |
60-119 يومًا سابقًا | – | – | – | – |
- تم حساب VE كـ (1 – نسبة الأرجحية) × 100% مع حساب نسب الأرجحية باستخدام الانحدار اللوجستي متعدد المتغيرات. بالنسبة لـ VISION، تم تعديل نسبة الأرجحية حسب العمر والجنس والعرق والإثنية والمنطقة الجغرافية والزمن (الأيام منذ 1 يناير 2021). بالنسبة لـ IVY، تم تعديل نسبة الأرجحية حسب العمر والجنس والعرق والإثنية والزمن في فترات أسبوعين، ومنطقة وزارة الصحة والخدمات الإنسانية الأمريكية.
شملت مجموعة “عدم تلقي الجرعة المحدثة” جميع الأشخاص المؤهلين الذين لم يتلقوا جرعة محدثة من لقاح COVID-19 (2023-2024)، بغض النظر عن عدد الجرعات السابقة (أي، الجرعات الأصلية أحادية التكافؤ وثنائية التكافؤ) التي تم تلقيها (إن وجدت).
§ بعض التقديرات غير دقيقة، وقد يكون ذلك بسبب العدد النسبي الصغير من الأشخاص في كل مستوى من مستويات التطعيم أو حالة الحالة. تشير هذه الدقة إلى أن فعالية اللقاح الفعلية قد تكون مختلفة بشكل كبير عن التقدير النقاط المعروض، وبالتالي يجب تفسير التقديرات بحذر. قد يؤدي جمع بيانات إضافية إلى زيادة الدقة والسماح بتفسير أكثر دقة.
ملخص
في سبتمبر 2023، أوصت اللجنة الاستشارية لممارسات التطعيم التابعة لمراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها بتحديث لقاح COVID-19 (2023-2024) (أحادي التكافؤ XBB.1.5) لجميع الأشخاص الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين
تقديم جرعة محدثة من لقاح COVID-19 زاد من الحماية ضد تفاعلات قسم الطوارئ والرعاية العاجلة المرتبطة بـ COVID-19 والاستشفاء مقارنة بعدم تلقي جرعة محدثة من اللقاح بين البالغين الأمريكيين ذوي المناعة الكاملة خلال فترة من سلالات SARS-CoV-2 Omicron المتداولة.
ما هي الآثار المترتبة على ممارسة الصحة العامة؟
تدعم هذه النتائج توصيات CDC بشأن تحديث لقاح COVID-19 2023-2024. يجب على جميع الأشخاص الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين
القيود
الآثار المترتبة على ممارسة الصحة العامة
شكر وتقدير
متعاونون في فعالية لقاح COVID-19 من مركز السيطرة على الأمراض
خارج العمل المقدم. يذكر كارثيك ناتاراجان الدعم المؤسسي من المعاهد الوطنية للصحة، مكتب المدير، المركز الوطني لتقدم العلوم الانتقالية، ومعهد القلب والرئة والدم الوطني. يذكر بريان إي. ديكسون الدعم المؤسسي من المعاهد الوطنية للصحة، المكتبة الوطنية للطب في شكل منحة تدريب T15 في المعلوماتية الحيوية، دعم الراتب من وزارة شؤون المحاربين القدامى الأمريكية، حقوق الملكية من شركة إلسيفير، إنك. لكتاب حول تكنولوجيا المعلومات الصحية ومن شركة سبرينجر ناتشر لكتاب حول تكنولوجيا المعلومات الصحية. يذكر نيكولا بي. كلاين الدعم من GSK، ميرك، فايزر، سانوفي باستور، وسيكيروس لعمل غير مرتبط بهذا التقرير. لم يتم الكشف عن أي تضارب محتمل آخر في المصالح.
References
- Regan JJ, Moulia DL, Link-Gelles R, et al. Use of updated COVID-19 vaccines 2023-2024 formula for persons aged
months: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, September 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:1140-6. PMID:37856366 https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7242el - Link-Gelles R, Weber ZA, Reese SE, et al. Estimates of bivalent mRNA vaccine durability in preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization and critical illness among adults with and without immunocompromising conditions-VISION network, September 2022-April 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:579-88. PMID:37227984 https://doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7221a3
- DeCuir J, Surie D, Zhu Y, et al. Durability of protection from original monovalent and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes among adults in the United States-September 2022-August 2023. medRxiv. [Preprint posted online January 9, 2024]. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1 101/2024.01.07.24300910v1
- Doll MK, Pettigrew SM, Ma J, Verma A. Effects of confounding bias in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza vaccine effectiveness test-negative designs due to correlated influenza and COVID-19 vaccination behaviors. Clin Infect Dis 2022;75:e564-71. PMID:35325923 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac234
- Yang S, Yu Y, Xu Y, et al. Fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 to JN. 1 under heavy immune pressure. Lancet Infect Dis 2024;24:e70-2. PMID:38109919 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00744-2
- Wang Q, Guo Y, Bowen A, et al. XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine booster elicits robust neutralizing antibodies against XBB subvariants and JN.1. Cell Host Microbe 2024. Epub February 19, 2024. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.014
- Jeworowski LM, Mühlemann B, Walper F, et al. Humoral immune escape by current SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and JN.1, December 2023. Euro Surveill 2024;29:2300740. PMID:38214083 https://doi. org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300740
- Link-Gelles R, Ciesla AA, Mak J, et al. Early estimates of updated 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection attributable to co-circulating Omicron variants among immunocompetent adults-Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, September 2023-January 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:77-83. PMID:38300853 https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7304a2
- Hansen CH, Moustsen-Helms IR, Rasmussen M, Søborg B, Ullum H, Valentiner-Branth P. Short-term effectiveness of the XBB.1.5 updated COVID-19 vaccine against hospitalisation in Denmark: a national cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2024;24:e73-4. PMID:38190834 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00746-6
- van Werkhoven CH, Valk A-W, Smagge B, et al. Early COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness of XBB.1.5 vaccine against hospitalisation and admission to intensive care, the Netherlands, 9 October to 5 December 2023. Euro Surveill 2024;29. PMID:38179623 https://doi. org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.1.2300703
- *https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/covidvaxview/ interactive/adult-coverage-vaccination.html
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home (Accessed February 13, 2024).
The VISION analysis included ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations during September 21, 2023-January 9, 2024. The IVY analysis included hospitalized patients admitted during September 21, 2023-January 31, 2024.
Sites from the CDC-funded VISION network that contributed data for this analysis were HealthPartners (Minnesota and Wisconsin), Intermountain Healthcare (Utah), Kaiser Permanente Northern California (California), Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Oregon and Washington), Regenstrief Institute (Indiana), and University of Colorado (Colorado). - ** COVID-19-like illness diagnoses were obtained from International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) discharge codes. The specific codes used were COVID-19 pneumonia: J12.81 and J12.82; influenza pneumonia: J09.X1, J10.0, J10.00, J10.01, J10.08, J11.0, J11.00, and J11.08; other viral pneumonia: J12*; bacterial and other pneumonia:
, and ; influenza disease: J09*, J10.1, J10.2, J10.8*, J11.1, J11.2, and J11.8*; acute respiratory distress syndrome: J80; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation: J44.1; asthma acute exacerbation: J45.21, J45.22, J45.31, J45.32, J45.41, J45.42, J45.51, J45.52, J45.901, and J45.902; respiratory failure: J96.0*, J96.2*, and R09.2; other acute lower respiratory tract infections: , J43*, J47*, J85, J85.0, J85.1, J85.2, J85.3, and J86*; acute and chronic sinusitis: and ; acute upper respiratory tract infections: , and J06*; acute respiratory illness signs and symptoms: R04.2, R05, R05.1, R05.2, R05.4, R05.8, R05.9, R06.00, R06.02, R06.03, R06.1, R06.2, R06.8, R06.81, R06.82, R06.89, R07.1, R09.0*, R09.1, R09.2, R09.3, and R09.8*; acute febrile illness signs and symptoms: R50*, R50.81, and R68.83; acute nonrespiratory illness signs and symptoms: M79.10, M79.18, R10.0, R10.1*, R10.2, R10.3*, R10.81*, R10.84, R10.9, R11.0, R11.10, R11.11, R11.15, R11.2, R19.7, R21*, R40.0, R40.1,R41.82,R43*,R51.9,R53.1,R53.81,R53.83,R57.9, and R65*; respiratory failure, unspecified: J96.9*; febrile convulsions: R56.0; viral and respiratory diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium: O98.5*, O98.8*, O98.9*, and O99.5*. All ICD-10 codes with * include all child codes under the specific parent code. One VISION site, representing 19% of case-patients from VISION analyses, did not include the following codes in its definition: J96.9*, O98.5*, O98.8*, O98.9*, O99.5*, and R56.0.
Sites from the CDC-funded IVY network that contributed data for this analysis were Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri), Baylor Scott & White Medical Center (Temple, Texas), Baylor University Medical Center (Dallas, Texas), Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts), Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Henry Ford Health (Detroit, Michigan), Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland), Montefiore Medical Center (New York, New York), Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon), Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado), University of Arizona Medical Center (Tucson, Arizona), University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan), University of Utah (Salt Lake City, Utah), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), and Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut).
In the IVY analysis, CLI was defined as one or more of the following signs and symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, new or worsening findings on chest imaging consistent with pneumonia, or hypoxemia defined as SpO2 on room air or supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 . For patients on chronic oxygen therapy, hypoxemia was defined as SpO 2 below baseline or an escalation of supplemental oxygen to maintain a baseline SpO2. - 99 In the IVY analysis, patients were also classified as case-patients if they received a positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen test result.
*** In the IVY analysis, patients were also excluded if they experienced illness onset after hospital admission or withdrew.
One VISION site, representing 19% of case-patients from VISION analyses, did not provide RSV test results; therefore, RSV coinfections could not be excluded from this site.
In the IVY analysis, patients with missing influenza test results were also excluded. - SI9 VISION regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar day, and geographic region with age and calendar day included as natural cubic splines. IVY regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar time in biweekly intervals, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services region.
**** 45 C.F.R. part 46.102(l)(2), 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Sect. 241 (d); 5 U.S.C. Sect. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Sect. 3501 et seq. - See table footnotes on the next page.
Sequences were grouped by spike amino acid sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating during fall 2023. XBB.1.5-like, EG.5-like, and HK.3-like spike sequences are similar to the XBB. 1.5 spike sequence used in updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines, with EG.5-like spikes having the additional F456L substitution, and HK.3-like spikes having additional L455F and F456L substitutions. JN. 1 represents viruses in the JN. 1 Pango lineage. “Other” represents non-XBB.1.5-derived, non-JN. 1 viruses detected during September 21-December 15, 2023.
§§ CDC national SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance includes samples sequenced by CDC and national testing laboratories contracted by CDC. - SSS https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/whats-new/ SARS-CoV-2-variant-JN.1.html
***** https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65b3c8a3c5aacc000da683d3/ vaccine-surveillance-report-2024-week-4.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7308a5
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38421945
Publication Date: 2024-02-29
Interim Effectiveness of Updated 2023-2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent Adults Aged
Years – VISION and IVY Networks, September 2023-January 2024
Abstract
In September 2023, CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged
Introduction
including severe disease (1). Although 1 updated vaccine dose is recommended for most persons aged
Methods
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Analyses were conducted using R software (version 4.3.2; R Foundation) for the VISION analysis and SAS software (version 9.4; SAS Institute) for the IVY analysis. This activity was reviewed by CDC, deemed not research, and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.**** This activity was reviewed and approved as a research activity by one VISION site.
Results
Updated COVID-19 VE Against COVID-19-Associated ED/UC Encounters, VISION Network
Updated COVID-19 VE Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization, VISION and IVY Networks
Characteristic | VE network,no.(column %) | |||||
VISION | IVY | |||||
Total no.of patients | COVID-19 case-patients | COVID-19 control patients | Total no.of patients | COVID-19 case-patients | COVID-19 control patients | |
All ED/UC encounters | 128,825 | 17,229 | 111,596 | - | - | - |
COVID-19 vaccination status | ||||||
No updated dose* | 114,150(89) | 15,932(92) | 98,218(88) | - | - | - |
Updated dose,
|
14,675(11) | 1,297(8) | 13,378(12) | - | - | - |
Updated dose,7-59 days earlier | 10,197(8) | 825 (5) | 9,372(8) | - | - | - |
Updated dose,60-119 days earlier | 4,478(3) | 472 (3) | 4,006(4) | - | - | - |
Median age,yrs(IQR) | 52 (34-71) | 54 (35-72) | 52 (33-70) | - | - | - |
Age group,yrs | ||||||
18-64 | 85,121(66) | 10,959(64) | 74,162(66) | - | - | - |
|
43,704(34) | 6,270(36) | 37,434(34) | - | - | - |
Female sex | 78,702(61) | 10,292(60) | 68,410(61) | - | - | - |
Race and ethnicity | ||||||
Black or African American,NH | 13,252(10) | 1,425(8) | 11,827(11) | - | - | - |
White,NH | 81,818(64) | 11,594(67) | 70,224(63) | - | - | - |
Hispanic or Latino,any race | 18,664(14) | 2,316(13) | 16,348(15) | - | - | - |
Other,
|
12,782(10) | 1,590(9) | 11,192(10) | - | - | - |
Unknown
|
2,309(2) | 304 (2) | 2,005(2) | - | - | - |
HHS region
|
||||||
1 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | - | - | - |
2 | 0 (-) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | - | - | - |
3 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | - | - | - |
4 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | - | - | - |
5 | 45,232(35) | 5,907(34) | 39,325(35) | - | - | - |
6 | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | - | - | - |
7 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | - | - | - |
8 | 37,173(29) | 7,466(43) | 29,707(27) | - | - | - |
9 | 37,346(29) | 2,829(16) | 34,517(31) | - | - | - |
10 | 9,074(7) | 1,027(6) | 8,047(7) | - | - | - |
No.of chronic medical condition categories** | ||||||
0 | 93,347(72) | 13,540(79) | 79,807(72) | - | - | - |
1 | 25,509(20) | 2,542(15) | 22,967(21) | - | - | - |
2 | 6,619(5) | 814 (5) | 5,805(5) | - | - | - |
3 | 2,439(2) | 230 (1) | 2,209(2) | - | - | - |
4 | 720 (1) | 84 (<1) | 636 (1) | - | - | - |
|
191 (<1) | 19 (<1) | 172 (<1) | - | - | 一 |
Month of COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounter | ||||||
Sep 2023 | 9,787(8) | 1,222(7) | 8,565(8) | - | - | - |
Oct 2023 | 29,836(23) | 3,521(20) | 26,315(24) | - | - | - |
Nov 2023 | 33,988(26) | 4,487(26) | 29,501(26) | - | - | - |
Dec 2023 | 42,403(33) | 6,289(37) | 36,114(32) | - | - | - |
Jan 2024 | 12,811(10) | 1,710(10) | 11,101(10) | - | - | - |
SARS-CoV-2 JN. 1 lineage predominant period
|
24,923(19) | 3,597(21) | 21,326(19) | - | - | - |
All hospitalizations | 37,503 | 4,589 | 32,914 | 4,117 | 1,194 | 2,923 |
COVID-19 vaccination status | ||||||
No updated dose* | 32,909(88) | 4,194(91) | 28,715(87) | 3,670(89) | 1,100(92) | 2,570(88) |
Updated dose,
|
4,594(12) | 395 (9) | 4,199(13) | 447 (11) | 94 (8) | 353 (12) |
Updated dose,7-59 days earlier | 3,326(9) | 270 (6) | 3,056(9) | 283 (7) | 57 (5) | 226 (8) |
Updated dose,60-119 days earlier | 1,268(3) | 125 (3) | 1,143(3) | 164 (4) | 37 (3) | 127 (4) |
Median age,yrs(IQR) | 71 (59-81) | 77 (67-84) | 71 (58-81) | 68 (55-78) | 73 (61-82) | 66 (53-76) |
Age group,yrs | ||||||
18-64 | 12,975(35) | 976 (21) | 11,999(36) | 1,765(43) | 371 (31) | 1,394(48) |
|
24,528(65) | 3,613(79) | 20,915(64) | 2,352(57) | 823 (69) | 1,529(52) |
Female sex | 20,083(54) | 2,365(52) | 17,718(54) | 2,127(52) | 623 (52) | 1,504(51) |
Characteristic | VE network,no.(column %) | |||||
VISION | IVY | |||||
Total no.of patients | COVID-19 case-patients | COVID-19 control patients | Total no.of patients | COVID-19 case-patients | COVID-19 control patients | |
Race and ethnicity | ||||||
Black or African American,NH | 3,979(11) | 346 (8) | 3,633(11) | 929 (23) | 226 (19) | 703 (24) |
White,NH | 26,499(71) | 3,479(76) | 23,020(70) | 2,358(57) | 752 (63) | 1,606(55) |
Hispanic or Latino,any race | 3,510(9) | 354 (8) | 3,156(10) | 540 (13) | 133 (11) | 407 (14) |
Other,
|
3,112(8) | 373 (8) | 2,739(8) | 153 (4) | 40 (3) | 113 (4) |
Unknown
|
403 (1) | 37 (1) | 366 (1) | 137 (3) | 43 (4) | 94 (3) |
HHS region
|
||||||
1 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 892 (22) | 330 (28) | 562 (19) |
2 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 291 (7) | 62 (5) | 229 (8) |
3 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 41 (1) | 14 (1) | 27 (1) |
4 | 0 (-) | 0 (-) | 0 (一) | 525 (13) | 125 (10) | 400 (14) |
5 | 17,479(47) | 2,154(47) | 15,325(47) | 484 (12) | 160 (13) | 324 (11) |
6 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 518 (13) | 129 (11) | 389 (13) |
7 | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 0 (一) | 138 (3) | 36 (3) | 102 (3) |
8 | 6,982(19) | 1,061(23) | 5,921(18) | 759 (18) | 194 (16) | 565 (19) |
9 | 11,252(30) | 1,211(26) | 10,041(31) | 323 (8) | 101 (8) | 222 (8) |
10 | 1,790(5) | 163 (4) | 1,627(5) | 146 (4) | 43 (4) | 103 (4) |
No.of chronic medical condition categories** | ||||||
0 | 5,113(14) | 643 (14) | 4,470(14) | 389 (9) | 98 (8) | 291 (10) |
1 | 6,316(17) | 624 (14) | 5,692(17) | 807 (20) | 237 (20) | 570 (20) |
2 | 7,234(19) | 847 (18) | 6,387(19) | 1,171(28) | 340 (28) | 831 (28) |
3 | 9,230(25) | 1,255(27) | 7,975(24) | 975 (24) | 290 (24) | 685 (23) |
4 | 6,545(17) | 830 (18) | 5,715(17) | 521 (13) | 156 (13) | 365 (12) |
|
3,065(8) | 390 (8) | 2,675(8) | 254 (6) | 73 (6) | 181 (6) |
Month of COVID-19-associated hospitalization | ||||||
Sep 2023 | 2,960(8) | 270 (6) | 2,690(8) | 322 (8) | 126 (11) | 196 (7) |
Oct 2023 | 9,789(26) | 1,011(22) | 8,778(27) | 1,081(26) | 352 (29) | 729 (25) |
Nov 2023 | 10,439(28) | 1,283(28) | 9,156(28) | 1,021(25) | 300 (25) | 721 (25) |
Dec 2023 | 11,791(31) | 1,674(36) | 10,117(31) | 949 (23) | 230 (19) | 719 (25) |
Jan 2024 | 2,524(7) | 351 (8) | 2,173(7) | 744 (18) | 186 (16) | 558 (19) |
SARS-CoV-2 JN. 1 lineage predominant period
|
5,486(15) | 807 (18) | 4,679(14) | 901 (22) | 231 (19) | 670 (23) |
*The"no updated dose"group included all eligible persons who did not receive an updated(2023-2024)COVID-19 vaccine dose,regardless of number of previous (i.e.,original monovalent and bivalent)doses(if any)received.
**VISION underlying condition categories included pulmonary,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular,musculoskeletal,neurologic,hematologic,endocrine,renal,and gastrointestinal.IVY underlying condition categories included pulmonary,cardiovascular,neurologic,hematologic,endocrine,renal,gastrointestinal,and autoimmune.
Age group, yrs/ COVID-19 vaccination dosage pattern | No. (column %) | Median interval since last dose for vaccinated persons, days (IQR) | VE %* (95% CI) | |
COVID-19 casepatients | COVID-19 control patients | |||
|
||||
No updated dose
|
15,932 (92) | 98,218 (88) | 669 (403-792) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 1,297 (8) | 13,378 (12) | 44 (26-64) | 47 (44-50) |
7-59 days earlier | 825 (5) | 9,372 (8) | 33 (20-46) | 51 (47-54) |
60-119 days earlier | 472 (3) | 4,006 (4) | 74 (66-83) | 39 (33-45) |
18-64 | ||||
No updated dose
|
10,582 (97) | 69,423 (94) | 697 (480-832) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 377 (3) | 4,739 (6) | 42 (24-62) | 50 (44-55) |
7-59 days earlier | 259 (2) | 3,457 (5) | 31 (19-45) | 52 (45-58) |
60-119 days earlier | 118 (1) | 1,282 (2) | 73 (66-83) | 45 (34-55) |
|
||||
No updated dose
|
5,350 (85) | 28,795 (77) | 509 (362-733) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 920 (15) | 8,639 (23) | 46 (27-66) | 45 (41-49) |
7-59 days earlier | 566 (9) | 5,915 (16) | 33 (21-46) | 49 (44-54) |
60-119 days earlier | 354 (6) | 2,724 (7) | 74 (66-83) | 37 (29-44) |
- VE was calculated as ( 1 – odds ratio)
with odds ratios calculated using multivariable logistic regression. For VISION, the odds ratio was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region, and calendar time (days since January 1, 2021).
The “no updated dose” group included all eligible persons who did not receive an updated (2023-2024) COVID-19 vaccine dose, regardless of number of previous (i.e., original monovalent and bivalent) doses (if any) received.
Discussion
VE network/Age group, yrs/COVID-19 vaccination dosage pattern | No. (column %) | Median interval since last dose for vaccinated persons, days (IQR) | VE %* (95% CI) | |
COVID-19 casepatients | COVID-19 control patients | |||
VISION (4,589 case-patients and 32,914 control patients) | ||||
|
||||
No updated dose
|
4,194 (91) | 28,715 (87) | 627 (383 to 765) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 395 (9) | 4,199 (13) | 42 (24 to 62) | 52 (47 to 57) |
7-59 days earlier | 270 (6) | 3,056 (9) | 32 (19 to 45) | 53 (46 to 59) |
60-119 days earlier | 125 (3) | 1,143 (3) | 73 (66 to 81) | 50 (40 to 59) |
18-64 | ||||
No updated dose
|
938 (96) | 11,342 (95) | 685 (447 to 829) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 38 (4) | 657 (5) | 38 (22 to 58) | 43 (20 to 59) |
7-59 days earlier | 28 (3) | 503 (4) | 30 (19 to 44) | 42 (14 to 61) |
60-119 days earlier | 10 (1) | 154 (1) | 74 (67 to 81) | 45 (-6 to 71)
|
|
||||
No updated dose
|
3,256 (90) | 17,373 (83) | 549 (370 to 745) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 357 (10) | 3,542 (17) | 43 (25 to 62) | 53 (47 to 58) |
7-59 days earlier | 242 (7) | 2,553 (12) | 32 (19 to 46) | 54 (47 to 60) |
60-119 days earlier | 115 (3) | 989 (5) | 73 (66 to 81) | 50 (39 to 59) |
No updated dose
|
1,100 (92) | 2,570 (88) | 645 (387 to 781) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 94 (8) | 353 (12) | 47 (25 to 71) | 43 (27 to 56) |
7-59 days earlier | – | – | – | – |
60-119 days earlier | – | – | – | – |
|
||||
No updated dose
|
747 (91) | 1,284 (84) | 573 (375 to 752) | Ref |
Received updated dose | 76 (9) | 245 (16) | 48 (26 to 72) | 48 (31 to 61) |
7-59 days earlier | – | – | – | – |
60-119 days earlier | – | – | – | – |
- VE was calculated as ( 1 – odds ratio) × 100% with odds ratios calculated using multivariable logistic regression. For VISION, the odds ratio was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region, and calendar time (days since January 1, 2021). For IVY, the odds ratio was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar time in biweekly intervals, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services region.
The “no updated dose” group included all eligible persons who did not receive an updated (2023-2024) COVID-19 vaccine dose, regardless of number of previous (i.e., original monovalent and bivalent) doses (if any) received.
§ Some estimates are imprecise, which might be due to a relatively small number of persons in each level of vaccination or case status. This imprecision indicates that the actual VE could be substantially different from the point estimate shown, and estimates should therefore be interpreted with caution. Additional data accrual could increase precision and allow more precise interpretation.
Summary
In September 2023, CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged
Receipt of an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose provided increased protection against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalization compared with no receipt of an updated vaccine dose among immunocompetent U.S. adults during a period of multiple cocirculating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages.
What are the implications for public health practice?
These findings support CDC recommendations for updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination. All persons aged
Limitations
Implications for Public Health Practice
Acknowledgments
CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators
outside the submitted work. Karthik Natarajan reports institutional support from NIH, Office of the Director, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Brian E. Dixon reports Institutional support from NIH, National Library of Medicine in the form of a T15 training grant in biomedical informatics, salary support from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, royalties from Elsevier, Inc. for a book on health information technology and from Springer Nature for a book on health information technology. Nicola P. Klein reports support from GSK, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, and Seqirus for work unrelated to this report. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
References
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- *https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/covidvaxview/ interactive/adult-coverage-vaccination.html
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home (Accessed February 13, 2024).
The VISION analysis included ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations during September 21, 2023-January 9, 2024. The IVY analysis included hospitalized patients admitted during September 21, 2023-January 31, 2024.
Sites from the CDC-funded VISION network that contributed data for this analysis were HealthPartners (Minnesota and Wisconsin), Intermountain Healthcare (Utah), Kaiser Permanente Northern California (California), Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Oregon and Washington), Regenstrief Institute (Indiana), and University of Colorado (Colorado). - ** COVID-19-like illness diagnoses were obtained from International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) discharge codes. The specific codes used were COVID-19 pneumonia: J12.81 and J12.82; influenza pneumonia: J09.X1, J10.0, J10.00, J10.01, J10.08, J11.0, J11.00, and J11.08; other viral pneumonia: J12*; bacterial and other pneumonia:
, and ; influenza disease: J09*, J10.1, J10.2, J10.8*, J11.1, J11.2, and J11.8*; acute respiratory distress syndrome: J80; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation: J44.1; asthma acute exacerbation: J45.21, J45.22, J45.31, J45.32, J45.41, J45.42, J45.51, J45.52, J45.901, and J45.902; respiratory failure: J96.0*, J96.2*, and R09.2; other acute lower respiratory tract infections: , J43*, J47*, J85, J85.0, J85.1, J85.2, J85.3, and J86*; acute and chronic sinusitis: and ; acute upper respiratory tract infections: , and J06*; acute respiratory illness signs and symptoms: R04.2, R05, R05.1, R05.2, R05.4, R05.8, R05.9, R06.00, R06.02, R06.03, R06.1, R06.2, R06.8, R06.81, R06.82, R06.89, R07.1, R09.0*, R09.1, R09.2, R09.3, and R09.8*; acute febrile illness signs and symptoms: R50*, R50.81, and R68.83; acute nonrespiratory illness signs and symptoms: M79.10, M79.18, R10.0, R10.1*, R10.2, R10.3*, R10.81*, R10.84, R10.9, R11.0, R11.10, R11.11, R11.15, R11.2, R19.7, R21*, R40.0, R40.1,R41.82,R43*,R51.9,R53.1,R53.81,R53.83,R57.9, and R65*; respiratory failure, unspecified: J96.9*; febrile convulsions: R56.0; viral and respiratory diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium: O98.5*, O98.8*, O98.9*, and O99.5*. All ICD-10 codes with * include all child codes under the specific parent code. One VISION site, representing 19% of case-patients from VISION analyses, did not include the following codes in its definition: J96.9*, O98.5*, O98.8*, O98.9*, O99.5*, and R56.0.
Sites from the CDC-funded IVY network that contributed data for this analysis were Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri), Baylor Scott & White Medical Center (Temple, Texas), Baylor University Medical Center (Dallas, Texas), Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts), Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Henry Ford Health (Detroit, Michigan), Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland), Montefiore Medical Center (New York, New York), Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon), Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado), University of Arizona Medical Center (Tucson, Arizona), University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan), University of Utah (Salt Lake City, Utah), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), and Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut).
In the IVY analysis, CLI was defined as one or more of the following signs and symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, new or worsening findings on chest imaging consistent with pneumonia, or hypoxemia defined as SpO2 on room air or supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 . For patients on chronic oxygen therapy, hypoxemia was defined as SpO 2 below baseline or an escalation of supplemental oxygen to maintain a baseline SpO2. - 99 In the IVY analysis, patients were also classified as case-patients if they received a positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen test result.
*** In the IVY analysis, patients were also excluded if they experienced illness onset after hospital admission or withdrew.
One VISION site, representing 19% of case-patients from VISION analyses, did not provide RSV test results; therefore, RSV coinfections could not be excluded from this site.
In the IVY analysis, patients with missing influenza test results were also excluded. - SI9 VISION regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar day, and geographic region with age and calendar day included as natural cubic splines. IVY regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar time in biweekly intervals, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services region.
**** 45 C.F.R. part 46.102(l)(2), 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C. Sect. 241 (d); 5 U.S.C. Sect. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Sect. 3501 et seq. - See table footnotes on the next page.
Sequences were grouped by spike amino acid sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating during fall 2023. XBB.1.5-like, EG.5-like, and HK.3-like spike sequences are similar to the XBB. 1.5 spike sequence used in updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines, with EG.5-like spikes having the additional F456L substitution, and HK.3-like spikes having additional L455F and F456L substitutions. JN. 1 represents viruses in the JN. 1 Pango lineage. “Other” represents non-XBB.1.5-derived, non-JN. 1 viruses detected during September 21-December 15, 2023.
§§ CDC national SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance includes samples sequenced by CDC and national testing laboratories contracted by CDC. - SSS https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/whats-new/ SARS-CoV-2-variant-JN.1.html
***** https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65b3c8a3c5aacc000da683d3/ vaccine-surveillance-report-2024-week-4.pdf