DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00136-6
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38331952
تاريخ النشر: 2024-02-08
تكلفة الرعاية لمرض الزهايمر والخرف المرتبط به في الولايات المتحدة: من 2016 إلى 2060
الملخص
يمكن أن تفرض الرعاية الطبية ورعاية طويلة الأمد لمرض الزهايمر والخرف المرتبط به (ADRDs) عبئًا اقتصاديًا كبيرًا على الأفراد والمجتمعات. قمنا بتقدير تكلفة الرعاية لكل فرد من ADRDs في الولايات المتحدة في عام 2016 وتوقعنا التكاليف الإجمالية المستقبلية للرعاية خلال الفترة من 2020 إلى 2060. استنادًا إلى منهجية تم نشرها سابقًا، استخدمنا بيانات المسح الصحي والتقاعد الأمريكي (2010-2016) لتقدير تكاليف الرعاية الرسمية وغير الرسمية. في عام 2016، كانت التكلفة المقدرة لكل مريض من الرعاية الرسمية هي
مقدمة
النتائج
نوع الإنفاق | تكلفة رعاية الأمراض التنكسية العصبية في الولايات المتحدة (2020 دولار أمريكي) | ||
تقدير | فترة الثقة 95% | ||
من جيبك | |||
الرعاية الصحية المنزلية | 185 | ١٠٨ | ٢٧١ |
دار رعاية المسنين | 7203 | 6155 | 8263 |
الإجمالي (أ) | 7943 | 6878 | 9078 |
إنفاق ميديكير: | |||
وكالات الرعاية الصحية المنزلية | 964 | 759 | 1191 |
دار رعاية المسنين | 1505 | ١٣٩٥ | 1618 |
الإجمالي (ب) | ٤٣٦٥ | ٣٩٧٤ | 4794 |
الرعاية المنزلية الرسمية: | |||
إجمالي | 7220 | 5687 | 8917 |
أقل: ميديكير والنفقات الشخصية | 1149 | 935 | 1381 |
الإجمالي الصافي (ج) | 6071 | ٤٧٤٤ | 7554 |
رعاية دور المسنين: | |||
إجمالي | 18,406 | ١٧,٠٥٧ | 19,791 |
أقل: ميديكير والنفقات الشخصية | 8708 | 7587 | 9825 |
الإجمالي الصافي (د) | 9698 | 8453 | 10,912 |
إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق (
|
٢٨٠٧٨ | ٢٥,٨٩٣ | ٣٠,٤٣٣ |
الرعاية غير الرسمية: تكلفة الاستبدال (E) | ٣٦,٦٦٧ | ٣٤٠٢٥ | ٣٩,٤٧٣ |
إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية المقدر وفقًا لتكلفة الاستبدال
|
٦٤٧٤٥ | 61,740 | 67,909 |
الرعاية غير الرسمية: تكلفة الأجر المفقود (F) | 15,792 | ١٢٩٨٠ | 18,713 |
إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية الذي يتم تقييمه بتكلفة الأجر المفقود
|
٤٣,٨٦٩ | ٤٠٢٤٦ | ٤٧,٥٩١ |
نقاش

الولايات المتحدة ضرورية لتعبئة الاستثمارات اللازمة لتجنب الأعباء الإنسانية والاقتصادية للأمراض التنكسية العصبية.
الجدول 2. التكلفة المستقبلية المتوقعة لرعاية اضطرابات الخرف الرسمية وغير الرسمية في الولايات المتحدة. | |||
سنة | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق (مليارات دولار أمريكي 2020) | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية المقدر وفقًا لتكلفة الاستبدال (مليارات الدولارات الأمريكية لعام 2020) | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية المقدر بتكاليف الأجور المفقودة (مليارات دولار أمريكي لعام 2020) |
حالة الأساس (3% تضخم سنوي في التكاليف) | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 196 (179-213) | 450 (424-478) | 305 (278-333) |
٢٠٢٥ | 252 (184-326) | 580 (430-740) | 393 (288-508) |
٢٠٣٠ | ٣٢٥ (٢٣٣-٤٣٠) | 746 (542-979) | 506 (363-671) |
٢٠٣٥ | 417 (293-566) | 959 (677-1292) | 650 (456-878) |
2040 | 535 (364-748) | 1229 (842-1699) | 833 (567-1160) |
2045 | 683 (450-988) | 1570 (1046-2247) | 1064 (702-1532) |
٢٠٥٠ | 875 (558-1295) | 2010 (1293-2945) | 1362 (867-2009) |
٢٠٥٥ | 1115 (677-1714) | 2562 (1571-3911) | 1736 (1055-2664) |
٢٠٦٠ | 1424 (837-2238) | 3271 (1936-5120) | ٢٢١٧ (١٣١١-٣٤٨٧) |
مع تضخم سنوي في التكاليف بنسبة 2% | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 189 (173-204) | 433 (410-457) | ٢٩٤ (٢٦٩-٣١٩) |
٢٠٢٥ | 231 (170-296) | 531 (398-672) | 360 (265-463) |
٢٠٣٠ | ٢٨٣ (٢٠٦-٣٦٩) | 651 (480-838) | ٤٤١ (٣٢٢-٥٧٦) |
٢٠٣٥ | 346 (249-457) | 796 (579-1043) | 539 (387-712) |
2040 | 422 (297-570) | 971 (692-1296) | 658 (464-886) |
2045 | ٥١٣ (٣٥٥-٧١٣) | 1179 (822-1622) | 799 (553-1105) |
٢٠٥٠ | 625 (422-879) | 1436 (978-1998) | 973 (655-1364) |
٢٠٥٥ | 757 (494-1099) | 1740 (1142-2503) | 1179 (769-1707) |
٢٠٦٠ | 919 (586-1352) | 2113 (1355-3094) | 1432 (915-2105) |
مع تضخم سنوي في التكاليف بنسبة 4% | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 204 (185-223) | ٤٦٨ (٤٣٧-٥٠١) | 317 (287-349) |
2025 | 275 (199-359) | 632 (464-815) | 429 (311-558) |
٢٠٣٠ | 372 (262-503) | 855 (608-1147) | 580 (408-783) |
٢٠٣٥ | ٥٠٢ (٣٤٢-٧٠٢) | 1154 (793-1602) | 782 (532-1088) |
2040 | 677 (441-980) | 1555 (1022-2234) | 1054 (689-1520) |
2045 | 908 (568-1370) | 2087 (1318-3131) | 1414 (883-2130) |
٢٠٥٠ | 1223 (731-1905) | 2810 (1691-4343) | 1904 (1137-2955) |
٢٠٥٥ | 1640 (923-2668) | 3768 (2134-6117) | 2553 (1439-4144) |
٢٠٦٠ | 2203 (1184-3709) | 5062 (2738-8450) | ٣٤٣٠ (١٨٥٤-٥٧٧٢) |
نطاقات عدم اليقين بنسبة 95% موجودة بين قوسين. |
الطرق
بيانات
سنة | رعاية شاملة | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة |
تم شراؤه في | في السوق | في السوق | |
سوق | وقت رعاية إضافي | بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية | |
(مليارات 2020 | مُقدَّر وفقًا لـ | مُقدَّر بالتخلي | |
دولار أمريكي | تكلفة الاستبدال | تكاليف الأجور (مليارات) | |
(مليارات من دولارات الولايات المتحدة 2020) | من عام 2020 (دولار أمريكي) |
الحالة الأساسية مع نمو عبء أقل بنسبة 40% | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 195 (178-212) | 448 (421-475) | 303 (276-331) |
٢٠٢٥ | 243 (177-314) | 559 (415-712) | 378 (277-489) |
٢٠٣٠ | 303 (218-401) | 697 (508-913) | 473 (340-624) |
٢٠٣٥ | 378 (267-511) | 869 (618-1165) | ٥٨٩ (٤١٥-٧٩٢) |
2040 | 470 (322-651) | 1080 (746-1482) | 732 (502-1011) |
2045 | 581 (387-831) | 1336 (898-1892) | 905 (606-1292) |
٢٠٥٠ | 722 (466-1053) | 1658 (1083-2397) | 1124 (724-1634) |
٢٠٥٥ | 891 (555-1345) | 2048 (1283-3073) | 1388 (863-2087) |
٢٠٦٠ | 1103 (662-1702) | 2535 (1538-3878) | 1718 (1039-2646) |
٢٠٢٠ | 187 (172-203) | 431 (408-454) | 292 (267-317) |
2025 | ٢٢٣ (١٦٤-٢٨٥) | 511 (383-646) | 347 (255-445) |
٢٠٣٠ | 265 (193-343) | 608 (451-781) | 412 (301-536) |
٢٠٣٥ | 314 (227-412) | 721 (527-937) | ٤٨٨ (٣٥٣-٦٤٠) |
2040 | 371 (263-496) | 852 (612-1125) | 578 (411-771) |
2045 | 437 (306-597) | 1004 (710-1356) | 680 (477-929) |
٢٠٥٠ | 515 (353-713) | 1184 (822-1621) | 803 (547-1107) |
٢٠٥٥ | 605 (405-859) | 1391 (938-1958) | 943 (630-1337) |
٢٠٦٠ | 712 (467-1025) | 1637 (1081-2333) | 1109 (730-1595) |
٢٠٢٠ | 202 (183-222) | 465 (435-497) | 315 (285-346) |
2025 | 265 (192-346) | 609 (447-786) | 413 (300-538) |
٢٠٣٠ | 348 (245-469) | 799 (570-1071) | 542 (382-730) |
٢٠٣٥ | 455 (311-633) | 1046 (721-1445) | 709 (484-982) |
2040 | 594 (390-856) | 1366 (906-1953) | 925 (609-1326) |
2045 | 773 (489-1156) | 1777 (1132-2636) | 1204 (763-1798) |
٢٠٥٠ | 1009 (610-1553) | 2318 (1414-3543) | 1571 (950-2414) |
٢٠٥٥ | 1311 (755-2107) | 3012 (1744-4802) | 2041 (1176-3273) |
٢٠٦٠ | 1707 (932-2822) | ٣٩٢٣ (٢١٦٦-٦٤١٤) | 2658 (1466-4389) |
(HRS). بدأت الاستطلاعات في عام 1992 وتغطي حوالي 20,000 فرد يتم مقابلتهم مرة كل عامين. يجمع HRS بيانات حول جوانب مختلفة من الشيخوخة، بما في ذلك الصحة والإعاقة، والوصول إلى الرعاية الصحية والإنفاق، والإسكان، والأصول، والتوظيف. تشكل مجموعة فرعية من 856 من المشاركين في HRS الذين كانوا في سن 70 وما فوق في 2000-2002 دراسة الشيخوخة والديموغرافيات والذاكرة (ADAMS). جمعت ADAMS بيانات سريرية متعمقة حول الحالة الإدراكية والخرف للمشاركين في أربع موجات من 2001 إلى
احتمالية الأمراض التنكسية العصبية و تكلفة الرعاية
أ. ناندي وآخرون
الجدول 4. تحليل الحساسية مع تكاليف دور رعاية المسنين المرتفعة. | |||
سنة | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق (مليارات دولار أمريكي 2020) | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية المقدر وفقًا لتكلفة الاستبدال (مليارات الدولارات الأمريكية لعام 2020) | إجمالي الرعاية المشتراة في السوق بالإضافة إلى وقت الرعاية الذي يُقدّر بتكاليف الأجور المفقودة (مليارات الدولارات الأمريكية لعام 2020) |
الحالة الأساسية مع تكاليف دور رعاية المسنين المرتفعة | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 318 (286-351) | 573 (520-628) | 428 (377-480) |
٢٠٢٥ | 410 (296-534) | 737 (538-959) | ٥٥١ (٣٩٥-٧٢٥) |
٢٠٣٠ | 527 (375-704) | 950 (679-1265) | 709 (501-956) |
٢٠٣٥ | 678 (473-924) | 1220 (852-1665) | 911 (630-1252) |
2040 | 869 (587-1222) | 1564 (1063-2184) | 1168 (783-1645) |
2045 | 1109 (726-1613) | 1997 (1316-2895) | 1491 (974-2179) |
٢٠٥٠ | 1420 (901-2110) | 2557 (1632-3784) | 1910 (1199-2850) |
٢٠٥٥ | 1810 (1094-2793) | 3259 (1975-5011) | 2434 (1465-3773) |
٢٠٦٠ | 2312 (1351-3648) | 4162 (2440-6537) | 3108 (1820-4916) |
مع ارتفاع تكاليف دور رعاية المسنين وارتفاع التضخم السنوي بنسبة 2% | |||
٢٠٢٠ | 306 (276-336) | ٥٥١ (٥٠٣-٦٠٠) | 412 (364-460) |
٢٠٢٥ | 375 (273-485) | 675 (496-871) | 504 (364-662) |
٢٠٣٠ | 460 (333-602) | 828 (601-1085) | 618 (442-822) |
٢٠٣٥ | 562 (402-748) | 1012 (725-1344) | 756 (535-1014) |
2040 | 686 (479-932) | 1235 (869-1665) | 922 (639-1260) |
2045 | 833 (572-1163) | 1500 (1034-2085) | 1120 (765-1570) |
٢٠٥٠ | 1014 (681-1432) | 1826 (1230-2567) | 1364 (905-1934) |
٢٠٥٥ | 1230 (797-1794) | ٢٢١٤ (١٤٣٨-٣٢١٣) | 1653 (1065-2424) |
٢٠٦٠ | 1493 (948-2206) | ٢٦٨٨ (١٧٠٦-٣٩٦٤) | 2007 (1264-2974) |
مع ارتفاع تكاليف دور رعاية المسنين وارتفاع التضخم السنوي بنسبة 4% | |||
٢٠٢٠ | ٣٣١ (٢٩٥-٣٦٧) | 596 (538-657) | 445 (389-502) |
٢٠٢٥ | 447 (320-588) | 805 (582-1056) | 601 (428-798) |
٢٠٣٠ | 604 (422-823) | 1088 (764-1477) | 813 (564-1114) |
٢٠٣٥ | 816 (553-1145) | 1469 (996-2060) | ١٠٩٧ (٧٣٦-١٥٤٦) |
2040 | 1099 (714-1603) | 1978 (1291-2866) | 1477 (954-2153) |
2045 | 1475 (917-2236) | 2656 (1664-4005) | 1983 (1228-3028) |
٢٠٥٠ | 1986 (1183-3110) | 3575 (2141-5573) | 2670 (1572-4191) |
٢٠٥٥ | 2663 (1494-4350) | 4793 (2697-7804) | 3579 (1994-5869) |
٢٠٦٠ | 3578 (1909-6053) | 6440 (3456-10810) | 4809 (2584-8135) |
نطاقات عدم اليقين بنسبة 95% موجودة بين قوسين. |
التكلفة الرسمية للرعاية المشتراة في السوق
تكلفة الرعاية غير الرسمية، أو تكلفة مقدمي الرعاية
التوقعات المستقبلية
تحليل الحساسية
النشاط، التدخين، استهلاك الكحول المفرط، والتعرض لتلوث الهواء
توفر البيانات
توافر الشيفرة
تاريخ الاستلام: 9 أكتوبر 2023؛ تاريخ القبول: 9 يناير 2024؛
نُشر على الإنترنت: 08 فبراير 2024
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مجلس السكان، 1 ساحة داغ همرشولد، نيويورك، NY 10017، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. ثقة الصحة الواحدة، واشنطن العاصمة، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. مكتب مفوض الصحة والصحة العقلية لمدينة نيويورك، نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. مؤسسة بروكينغز، واشنطن العاصمة، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. بيانات للقرارات، ذ.م.م، وaltham، ماساتشوستس، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. جامعة هايدلبرغ، هايدلبرغ، ألمانيا. قسم البيولوجيا الجزيئية والخلوية ومركز علوم الدماغ، جامعة هارفارد، كامبريدج، ماساتشوستس، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. قسم الطب الشيخوخي، قسم الطب، كلية ديفيد غيفن للطب، جامعة كاليفورنيا، لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. مركز أبحاث وتعليم ورعاية المسنين، نظام الرعاية الصحية في إدارة المحاربين القدامى في لوس أنجلوس الكبرى، لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. كلية الصليب المقدس، ووستر، ماساتشوستس، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. جامعة كولومبيا البريطانية، فانكوفر، كولومبيا البريطانية V6T 1Z4، كندا. مدرسة هارفارد تي. إتش. تشان للصحة العامة، بوسطن، ماساتشوستس، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. البريد الإلكتروني:anandi@popcouncil.org
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00136-6
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38331952
Publication Date: 2024-02-08
Cost of care for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in the United States: 2016 to 2060
Abstract
Medical and long-term care for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) can impose a large economic burden on individuals and societies. We estimated the per capita cost of ADRDs care in the in the United States in 2016 and projected future aggregate care costs during 2020-2060. Based on a previously published methodology, we used U.S. Health and Retirement Survey (2010-2016) longitudinal data to estimate formal and informal care costs. In 2016, the estimated per patient cost of formal care was
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
Spending type | Cost of ADRDs care in the United States (2020 US$) | ||
Estimate | 95% confidence interval | ||
Out-of-pocket: | |||
Home health care | 185 | 108 | 271 |
Nursing home | 7203 | 6155 | 8263 |
Total (A) | 7943 | 6878 | 9078 |
Medicare spending: | |||
Home health care agencies | 964 | 759 | 1191 |
Nursing home | 1505 | 1395 | 1618 |
Total (B) | 4365 | 3974 | 4794 |
Formal home care: | |||
Total | 7220 | 5687 | 8917 |
Less: Medicare and OOP | 1149 | 935 | 1381 |
Net total (C) | 6071 | 4744 | 7554 |
Nursing home care: | |||
Total | 18,406 | 17,057 | 19,791 |
Less: Medicare and OOP | 8708 | 7587 | 9825 |
Net total (D) | 9698 | 8453 | 10,912 |
Total care purchased in the marketplace (
|
28,078 | 25,893 | 30,433 |
Informal care: replacement cost (E) | 36,667 | 34,025 | 39,473 |
Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued according to replacement cost (
|
64,745 | 61,740 | 67,909 |
Informal care: Foregone wage cost (F) | 15,792 | 12,980 | 18,713 |
Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued at foregone wage cost (
|
43,869 | 40,246 | 47,591 |
DISCUSSION

the United States is necessary to mobilize the necessary investment to avert the human and economic tolls of ADRDs
Table 2. Projected future cost of ADRDs formal and informal care in the United States. | |||
Year | Total care purchased in the marketplace (billions of 2020 US$) | Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued according to replacement cost (billions of 2020 US$) | Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued at foregone wage costs (billions of 2020 US$) |
Base case (3% annual cost inflation) | |||
2020 | 196 (179-213) | 450 (424-478) | 305 (278-333) |
2025 | 252 (184-326) | 580 (430-740) | 393 (288-508) |
2030 | 325 (233-430) | 746 (542-979) | 506 (363-671) |
2035 | 417 (293-566) | 959 (677-1292) | 650 (456-878) |
2040 | 535 (364-748) | 1229 (842-1699) | 833 (567-1160) |
2045 | 683 (450-988) | 1570 (1046-2247) | 1064 (702-1532) |
2050 | 875 (558-1295) | 2010 (1293-2945) | 1362 (867-2009) |
2055 | 1115 (677-1714) | 2562 (1571-3911) | 1736 (1055-2664) |
2060 | 1424 (837-2238) | 3271 (1936-5120) | 2217 (1311-3487) |
With 2% annual cost inflation | |||
2020 | 189 (173-204) | 433 (410-457) | 294 (269-319) |
2025 | 231 (170-296) | 531 (398-672) | 360 (265-463) |
2030 | 283 (206-369) | 651 (480-838) | 441 (322-576) |
2035 | 346 (249-457) | 796 (579-1043) | 539 (387-712) |
2040 | 422 (297-570) | 971 (692-1296) | 658 (464-886) |
2045 | 513 (355-713) | 1179 (822-1622) | 799 (553-1105) |
2050 | 625 (422-879) | 1436 (978-1998) | 973 (655-1364) |
2055 | 757 (494-1099) | 1740 (1142-2503) | 1179 (769-1707) |
2060 | 919 (586-1352) | 2113 (1355-3094) | 1432 (915-2105) |
With 4% annual cost inflation | |||
2020 | 204 (185-223) | 468 (437-501) | 317 (287-349) |
2025 | 275 (199-359) | 632 (464-815) | 429 (311-558) |
2030 | 372 (262-503) | 855 (608-1147) | 580 (408-783) |
2035 | 502 (342-702) | 1154 (793-1602) | 782 (532-1088) |
2040 | 677 (441-980) | 1555 (1022-2234) | 1054 (689-1520) |
2045 | 908 (568-1370) | 2087 (1318-3131) | 1414 (883-2130) |
2050 | 1223 (731-1905) | 2810 (1691-4343) | 1904 (1137-2955) |
2055 | 1640 (923-2668) | 3768 (2134-6117) | 2553 (1439-4144) |
2060 | 2203 (1184-3709) | 5062 (2738-8450) | 3430 (1854-5772) |
95% uncertainty ranges are in parentheses. |
METHODS
Data
Year | Total care | Total care purchased | Total care purchased |
purchased in the | in the marketplace | in the marketplace | |
marketplace | plus caregiving time | plus caregiving time | |
(billions of 2020 | valued according to | valued at foregone | |
US$) | replacement cost | wage costs (billions | |
(billions of 2020 US$) | of 2020 US$) |
Base case with 40% lower burden growth | |||
2020 | 195 (178-212) | 448 (421-475) | 303 (276-331) |
2025 | 243 (177-314) | 559 (415-712) | 378 (277-489) |
2030 | 303 (218-401) | 697 (508-913) | 473 (340-624) |
2035 | 378 (267-511) | 869 (618-1165) | 589 (415-792) |
2040 | 470 (322-651) | 1080 (746-1482) | 732 (502-1011) |
2045 | 581 (387-831) | 1336 (898-1892) | 905 (606-1292) |
2050 | 722 (466-1053) | 1658 (1083-2397) | 1124 (724-1634) |
2055 | 891 (555-1345) | 2048 (1283-3073) | 1388 (863-2087) |
2060 | 1103 (662-1702) | 2535 (1538-3878) | 1718 (1039-2646) |
2020 | 187 (172-203) | 431 (408-454) | 292 (267-317) |
2025 | 223 (164-285) | 511 (383-646) | 347 (255-445) |
2030 | 265 (193-343) | 608 (451-781) | 412 (301-536) |
2035 | 314 (227-412) | 721 (527-937) | 488 (353-640) |
2040 | 371 (263-496) | 852 (612-1125) | 578 (411-771) |
2045 | 437 (306-597) | 1004 (710-1356) | 680 (477-929) |
2050 | 515 (353-713) | 1184 (822-1621) | 803 (547-1107) |
2055 | 605 (405-859) | 1391 (938-1958) | 943 (630-1337) |
2060 | 712 (467-1025) | 1637 (1081-2333) | 1109 (730-1595) |
2020 | 202 (183-222) | 465 (435-497) | 315 (285-346) |
2025 | 265 (192-346) | 609 (447-786) | 413 (300-538) |
2030 | 348 (245-469) | 799 (570-1071) | 542 (382-730) |
2035 | 455 (311-633) | 1046 (721-1445) | 709 (484-982) |
2040 | 594 (390-856) | 1366 (906-1953) | 925 (609-1326) |
2045 | 773 (489-1156) | 1777 (1132-2636) | 1204 (763-1798) |
2050 | 1009 (610-1553) | 2318 (1414-3543) | 1571 (950-2414) |
2055 | 1311 (755-2107) | 3012 (1744-4802) | 2041 (1176-3273) |
2060 | 1707 (932-2822) | 3923 (2166-6414) | 2658 (1466-4389) |
(HRS). The surveys started in 1992 and cover approximately 20,000 individuals who are interviewed once every two years. The HRS collects data on various aspects of aging, including health and disability, health care access and spending, housing, assets, and employment. A subset of 856 HRS respondents who were age 70 and older in 2000-2002 form the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). ADAMS collected in-depth clinical data on cognitive status and dementia of the participants in four waves from 2001 to
The probability of ADRDs and cost of care
A. Nandi et al.
Table 4. Sensitivity analysis with higher nursing home costs. | |||
Year | Total care purchased in the marketplace (billions of 2020 US$) | Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued according to replacement cost (billions of 2020 US$) | Total care purchased in the marketplace plus caregiving time valued at foregone wage costs (billions of 2020 US$) |
Base case with higher nursing home costs | |||
2020 | 318 (286-351) | 573 (520-628) | 428 (377-480) |
2025 | 410 (296-534) | 737 (538-959) | 551 (395-725) |
2030 | 527 (375-704) | 950 (679-1265) | 709 (501-956) |
2035 | 678 (473-924) | 1220 (852-1665) | 911 (630-1252) |
2040 | 869 (587-1222) | 1564 (1063-2184) | 1168 (783-1645) |
2045 | 1109 (726-1613) | 1997 (1316-2895) | 1491 (974-2179) |
2050 | 1420 (901-2110) | 2557 (1632-3784) | 1910 (1199-2850) |
2055 | 1810 (1094-2793) | 3259 (1975-5011) | 2434 (1465-3773) |
2060 | 2312 (1351-3648) | 4162 (2440-6537) | 3108 (1820-4916) |
With higher nursing home costs and 2% annual cost inflation | |||
2020 | 306 (276-336) | 551 (503-600) | 412 (364-460) |
2025 | 375 (273-485) | 675 (496-871) | 504 (364-662) |
2030 | 460 (333-602) | 828 (601-1085) | 618 (442-822) |
2035 | 562 (402-748) | 1012 (725-1344) | 756 (535-1014) |
2040 | 686 (479-932) | 1235 (869-1665) | 922 (639-1260) |
2045 | 833 (572-1163) | 1500 (1034-2085) | 1120 (765-1570) |
2050 | 1014 (681-1432) | 1826 (1230-2567) | 1364 (905-1934) |
2055 | 1230 (797-1794) | 2214 (1438-3213) | 1653 (1065-2424) |
2060 | 1493 (948-2206) | 2688 (1706-3964) | 2007 (1264-2974) |
With higher nursing home costs and 4% annual cost inflation | |||
2020 | 331 (295-367) | 596 (538-657) | 445 (389-502) |
2025 | 447 (320-588) | 805 (582-1056) | 601 (428-798) |
2030 | 604 (422-823) | 1088 (764-1477) | 813 (564-1114) |
2035 | 816 (553-1145) | 1469 (996-2060) | 1097 (736-1546) |
2040 | 1099 (714-1603) | 1978 (1291-2866) | 1477 (954-2153) |
2045 | 1475 (917-2236) | 2656 (1664-4005) | 1983 (1228-3028) |
2050 | 1986 (1183-3110) | 3575 (2141-5573) | 2670 (1572-4191) |
2055 | 2663 (1494-4350) | 4793 (2697-7804) | 3579 (1994-5869) |
2060 | 3578 (1909-6053) | 6440 (3456-10810) | 4809 (2584-8135) |
95% uncertainty ranges are in parentheses. |
Formal cost of care purchased in the market
Informal cost of care, or the caregiver cost
Future projections
Sensitivity analysis
activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to air pollution
DATA AVAILABILITY
CODE AVAILABILITY
Received: 9 October 2023; Accepted: 9 January 2024;
Published online: 08 February 2024
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© The Author(s) 2024
The Population Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA. One Health Trust, Washington, DC, USA. Office of the Commissioner of Health & Mental Hygiene for the City of New York, New York, NY, USA. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Data for Decisions, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA. University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and The Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles VA Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. email: anandi@popcouncil.org