DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.viix.29878
تاريخ النشر: 2024-01-25
كيف يتفاعل الاحتراق النفسي والمرونة والانخراط بين متعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية؟ دراسة مختلطة في سياق المدارس الثانوية الصينية
جامعة نانجينغ العادية، نانجينغ، الصين
البريد الإلكتروني: godfreyeducation@163.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-4672-8481
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.viIX. 29878
رقم ISSN للإصدار الورقي: 1697-7467، رقم ISSN للإصدار الرقمي: 2695-8244
الملخص
تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية (EFL) أمر ضروري لطلاب المدارس الثانوية الصينية، لكن الإرهاق يمكن أن يؤثر سلبًا على انخراطهم وأدائهم. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تعزز المرونة انخراطهم وتحميهم من الإرهاق. تهدف هذه الدراسة المختلطة إلى التحقيق في التفاعل بين الإرهاق والمرونة والانخراط بين 413 متعلمًا للغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية في المدارس الثانوية الصينية. باستخدام AMOS 24، كشفت التحليلات الكمية باستخدام نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية (SEM) عن التبادلية بين هذه الثلاثة. على وجه التحديد، كان الإرهاق مرتبطًا سلبًا بكل من المرونة والانخراط، موضحًا
الملخص
هذا البحث المختلط يهدف إلى دراسة التفاعل بين الإرهاق والمرونة والانخراط بين 414 طالبًا صينيًا في المدارس الثانوية الذين يتعلمون EFL. باستخدام AMOS 24، كشفت التحليلات الكمية باستخدام نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية (SEM) عن التبادلية بين هذه الثلاثة. على وجه التحديد، كان الإرهاق مرتبطًا سلبًا بكل من المرونة والانخراط، موضحًا
1. المقدمة
“عمل”. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون التفاعل بين هذه البنى بارزًا بشكل خاص لطلاب المدارس الثانوية الصينية الذين يتعلمون EFL، لأنهم يجب أن يأخذوا اللغة الإنجليزية كمادة إلزامية في امتحان القبول الجامعي (Gaokao). يُعتبر Gaokao عمومًا اختبارًا يشكل المصير وطريقة مهمة لتحقيق التنقل الاجتماعي والاقتصادي في الصين. مع هذه التوقعات التعليمية العالية، يكون طلاب المدارس الثانوية الصينية عرضة للإرهاق ويحتاجون إلى مزيد من المرونة والانخراط في تعلمهم للغة الإنجليزية (تيوبير وآخرون، 2021).
2. مراجعة الأدبيات
2.1. الإرهاق في سياق EFL
2.2. المرونة في سياق اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية
2.3. المشاركة في سياق اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية
ومع ذلك، هناك نقص في الأبحاث التي تفحص كيف يتفاعل الانخراط مع احتراق الطلاب في اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية ومرونتهم، وهو الهدف الرئيسي لدراستنا.
2.4. الروابط بين الثلاثة مفاهيم
2.5. نظرية COR كتبرير

3. أسئلة البحث
4. المنهجية
4.1. تصميم البحث
4.2. المشاركون
طالب | مدرسة | جنس | عمر | درجة |
S1 | أ | ذكر | ١٨ | 12 |
S2 | ب | أنثى | 18 | 12 |
S3 | ج | ذكر | 17 | 11 |
S4 | D | أنثى | 16 | 10 |
S5 | E | أنثى | 18 | 12 |
S6 | ج | أنثى | ١٨ | 12 |
S7 | ف | ذكر | 17 | 11 |
اس8 | ج | ذكر | ١٨ | 12 |
اس9 | ج | أنثى | 17 | 11 |
S10 | H | أنثى | 15 | 10 |
S11 | أنا | ذكر | 17 | 11 |
س12 | ج | أنثى | 18 | 12 |
S13 | ب | ذكر | 16 | 10 |
S14 | E | ذكر | 17 | 11 |
S15 | ج | أنثى | ١٨ | 12 |
4.3. التدابير
4.3.1. الإرهاق
4.3.2. المرونة
4.3.3. المشاركة
4.3.4. المقابلة شبه المنظمة
2: ما العوامل التي تعتقد أنها تجعل منك أكثر أو أقل استنفادًا/مرونة/انخراطًا (سواء كانت إيجابية أو سلبية)؟
3: هل سبق لك أن اتخذت تدابير للتخفيف من إرهاقك/تعزيز مرونتك/مشاركتك؟ إذا كان الأمر كذلك، ما هي؟ يرجى وصفها بمزيد من التفصيل.
4.4. جمع البيانات
4.5. تحليل البيانات
علاقات بين الاحتراق النفسي، والمرونة، والانخراط في سياق تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. علاوة على ذلك، للتحقق من النموذج المقترح بين البنى، قمنا بتقدير مؤشرات جودة مختلفة. تم نسخ المقابلات إلى 8,071 كلمة إنجليزية (13,916 حرف صيني) للتحليل النوعي. تم استخدام MAXQDA 2020 لتحليل البيانات باستخدام نهج استقرائي استنتاجي، والذي دمج أسئلة المقابلة والمواضيع الناشئة من البيانات (باتون، 2002). قام المؤلف الثاني بترميز البيانات لفحص: (أ) احتراق الطلاب النفسي/المرونة/الانخراط في اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية، و(ب) تفاعلاتهم. باستخدام أبعاد البنى وعناصر المقاييس، وضعنا مخطط الترميز (انظر الجدول 2). تم تسوية الخلاف حول الترميز من خلال مناقشة إضافية.
رموز | رموز فرعية | مثال |
الإرهاق | إي-إكسا | على سبيل المثال، غير قادر على، مرهق، شك في النفس… |
سخرية | على سبيل المثال، موقف سلبي، كراهية، مثير للاشمئزاز… | |
فعالية R | على سبيل المثال، فقدان الثقة، نقص الإنجاز، درجة سيئة… | |
المرونة | غرفة الطوارئ | على سبيل المثال، قادر على، أستطيع القيام بذلك، لا أستسلم أبداً… |
CR/MR | على سبيل المثال، استخدم استراتيجيات/طرق التعلم، نظم… | |
ريال سعودي | على سبيل المثال، اطلب المساعدة من الوالدين/ المعلمين/ زملاء الدراسة/ الأصدقاء… | |
الخطوبة | حيوية | على سبيل المثال، نشيط، العمل بجد أكثر، مزيد من الجهد… |
إخلاص | على سبيل المثال، ملهم، مهتم، متحمس، فخر… | |
امتصاص | مثل، ممتص، مكرس، مخلص… |
5. النتائج الكمية
5.1. تحليل العوامل التأكيدية

(ER، مرونة الأنا؛ CR، المرونة المعرفية؛ SR، المرونة الاجتماعية؛ EX، الاستبعاد؛ cy، التشاؤم؛ RE، انخفاض الفعالية؛ VI، الحيوية؛ DE، الالتزام؛ AB، الانغماس)
5.2. التحقق من توافق النموذج مع البيانات
معايير | قطع | تقييم | |||
رهيب | مقبول | ممتاز | |||
CMIN/DF | ٣.٣٣٣ | > 5 | > 3 | > 1 | مقبول |
RMSEA | 0.075 | > 0.08 | < 0.08 | < 0.06 | مقبول |
CFI | 0.917 | < 0.9 | > 0.9 | > 0.95 | مقبول |
TLI | 0.912 | < 0.9 | > 0.9 | > 0.95 | مقبول |
SRMR | 0.047 | > 0.1 | > 0.08″ | < 0.08 | ممتاز |
(
معيار فورنيل – لاركر | ||||||
سي آر | AVE | MSV | الإرهاق | المرونة | الخطوبة | |
الإرهاق | 0.955 | 0.876 | 0.351 | 0.936 | ||
المرونة | 0.953 | 0.871 | 0.750 | -0.556*** | 0.933 | |
الخطوبة | 0.993 | 0.978 | 0.750 | -0.593*** | 0.866*** | 0.989 |
5.3. التحقق من التنبؤ المتبادل
من | ماكس | M | SD | الانحراف | SE | التفرطح | SE | |
الإرهاق | 1.00 | ٥.٠٠ | 2.575 | 1.003 | 1.029 | 0.120 | -0.224 | 0.240 |
المرونة | 1.00 | ٧.٠٠ | ٤.٤٣١ | 1.378 | 1.895 | 0.120 | 0.266 | 0.240 |
الخطوبة | 1.00 | ٦.٠٠ | ٣.٦٣٨ | 1.319 | 1.760 | 0.120 | -0.262 | 0.240 |

س.م. | سي. آر |
|
|
|
|
الإرهاق
|
0.071 | -8.662 | 0.000 | -0.535 | 0.286 |
الإرهاق
|
0.070 | -9.454 | 0.000 | -0.577 | 0.333 |
المرونة
|
1.356 | 12.023 | 0.000 | 0.840 | 0.706 |
6. النتائج النوعية

الإرهاق العاطفي: E-exhaustion؛ الفعالية المنخفضة: R-efficacy؛ مرونة الأنا: ER؛ مرونة ما وراء المعرفة: MR؛
6.1. التبادلية بين الاحتراق النفسي والمرونة
#طالب 11:
تمرين إنجليزي لفترة طويلة ولا أستطيع حله. هذا يقلل من مرونتي. (الإرهاق العاطفي)
#طالب 14:
#الطالب 6:
#الطالب 8:
#الطالب 4:
6.2. التبادلية بين الإرهاق والانخراط
#الطالب 2:
التوتر. على الرغم من أنني أريد أن أبذل قصارى جهدي لإنهائها، إلا أن الأمر مرهق جدًا بالنسبة لي. هذا يجعل من الصعب علي البقاء منخرطًا. (الإرهاق العاطفي)
#الطالب 3:
سوف يجعلني الإرهاق أقل انخراطًا وكفاءة في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية. كما سيجعلني “أحتقر” اللغة الإنجليزية ويقلل من اهتمامي بها. (تعبير مباشر)
#الطالب 14:
إن انخراطي في القيام بتمارين اللغة الإنجليزية يحررني من إرهاقي. أشعر بمزيد من المتعة وأقل إرهاقًا عندما أكون منخرطًا في تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية. (تعبير مباشر)
6.3. التبادلية بين المرونة والانخراط
#الطالب 2:
#الطالب 7:
#الطالب 15:
#الطالب 9:
7. المناقشة
الانخراط في كل من التعليم العام وسياقات تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. يمكن تفسير هذه العلاقة التبادلية من حيث نظرية COR (هوبيفول، 2012). تقترح هذه النظرية أن المرونة والانخراط يشكلان حلقة تغذية راجعة إيجابية تعزز كل منهما الآخر. يعني ذلك أنه عندما يختبر الناس بنجاح مكافآت الانخراط باستخدام استراتيجيات التكيف التي تولدها مرونتهم، يصبحون أكثر مرونة للاستثمار في مواردهم في عملية الانخراط. بشكل عام، قد يكون الطلاب الذين لديهم مرونة أعلى أكثر انخراطًا في تعلمهم للغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية، والعكس صحيح.
8. الخاتمة
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Teuber, Z., Nussbeck, F. W., & Wild, E. (2021). School burnout among Chinese high school students: the role of teacher-student relationships and personal resources. Educational Psychology, 41(8), 985-1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1917521
Versteeg, M., Kappe, R. F., & Knuiman, C. (2022). Predicting student engagement: The role of
academic belonging, social integration, and resilience during COVID-19 emergency remote teaching. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 849594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849594
Wang, J., Bu, L., Li, Y., Song, J., & Li, N. (2021). The mediating effect of academic engagement between psychological capital and academic burnout among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 102, 104938. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104938
Wang, Q., Sun, W., & Wu, H. (2022). Associations between academic burnout, resilience and life satisfaction among medical students: A three-wave longitudinal study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 248. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03326-6
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Azari Noughabi, M. (2022). The interplay of EFL teachers’ immunity, work engagement, and psychological well-being: Evidence from four Asian countries. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143463 2.2022.2092625
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Researching and practicing positive psychology in second/foreign language learning and teaching: The past, current status and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731721
Wang, Y., & Guan, H. (2020). Exploring demotivation factors of Chinese learners of English as a foreign language based on positive psychology. Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica, 29,851-861. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.116
Wang, Y., & Derakhshan, A. (2023). Enhancing Chinese and Iranian EFL students’ willingness to attend classes: The role of teacher confirmation and caring. Porta Linguarum, 39(1):165192. http://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi39. 23625
Wang, Y. (2023). Probing into the boredom of online instruction among Chinese English language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12144-022-04223-3.
Xie, F. (2021). A study on Chinese EFL teachers’ work engagement: The predictability power of emotion regulation and teacher resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 735969. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735969
Xing, Z. (2022). English as a foreign language teachers’ work engagement, burnout, and their professional identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 916079. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.916079
Yu, J., & Chae, S. (2020). The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between the academic burnout and psychological well-being of medical students. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 32(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2020.149
Zhang, B. (2022). The relationship between Chinese EFL learners’ resilience and academic motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 871554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871554
Zhi, R., & Wang, Y. L. (2023). English as a foreign language teachers’ professional success, loving pedagogy and creativity: A structural equation modeling approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101370.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.viix.29878
Publication Date: 2024-01-25
How burnout, resilience, and engagement interplay among EFL learners: A mixed-methods investigation in the Chinese senior high school context
Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Email: godfreyeducation@163.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-4672-8481
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.viIX. 29878
ISSN paper edition: 1697-7467, ISSN digital edition: 2695-8244
Abstract
English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learning is essential for Chinese senior high school students, but burnout can impair their engagement and performance. Resilience, however, can enhance their engagement and shield them from burnout. This mixed-methods study aimed to investigate the interplay between burnout, resilience, and engagement among 413 Chinese senior high school EFL learners. Using AMOS 24, quantitative analyses with structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed the reciprocity between these three constructs. Specifically, burnout was negatively associated with both resilience and engagement, explaining
Abstract
tamiento. Este estudio de métodos mixtos tuvo como objetivo investigar la interacción entre el agotamiento, la resiliencia y la participación entre 414 estudiantes chinos de secundaria que aprenden EFL. Utilizando AMOS 24, los análisis cuantitativos con el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) revelaron la reciprocidad entre estas tres construcciones. Específicamente, el agotamiento se asoció negativamente tanto con la resiliencia como con la participación, explicando el
1. Introduction
“work”. Besides, the interplay among these constructs may be especially salient for Chinese senior high school EFL students, because they have to take English as a mandatory subject in Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination). Gaokao is generally regarded as a fate-shaping test and an important way to achieve socio-economic mobility in China. With such high educational expectations, Chinese senior high school students are vulnerable to burnout and require more resilience and engagement in their EFL learning (Teuber et al., 2021).
2. Literature review
2.1. Burnout in the EFL context
2.2. Resilience in the EFL context
2.3. Engagement in the EFL context
al., 2022; Guo et al., 2023) and attendance in English courses (Dincer et al., 2019). Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research that examines how engagement interacts with EFL students’ burnout and resilience, which is the main aim of our study.
2.4. Links between the three constructs
2.5. The COR theory as a rationale

3. Research questions
4. Methodology
4.1. Research design
4.2. Participants
Student | School | Gender | Age | Grade |
S1 | A | Male | 18 | 12 |
S2 | B | Female | 18 | 12 |
S3 | C | Male | 17 | 11 |
S4 | D | Female | 16 | 10 |
S5 | E | Female | 18 | 12 |
S6 | G | Female | 18 | 12 |
S7 | F | Male | 17 | 11 |
S8 | G | Male | 18 | 12 |
S9 | G | Female | 17 | 11 |
S10 | H | Female | 15 | 10 |
S11 | I | Male | 17 | 11 |
S12 | J | Female | 18 | 12 |
S13 | B | Male | 16 | 10 |
S14 | E | Male | 17 | 11 |
S15 | C | Female | 18 | 12 |
4.3. Measures
4.3.1. Burnout
4.3.2. Resilience
4.3.3. Engagement
4.3.4. Semi-structured interview
2: What factors do you think (both positive and negative ones) make you more or less burned out/resilient/engaged?
3: Have you ever taken measures to mitigate your burnout/enhance your resilience/ engagement? If so, what are they? Please describe them in more detail.
4.4. Data collection
4.5. Data analysis
of relationships between burnout, resilience, and engagement in the EFL learning context. Moreover, to verify the proposed model among the constructs, we estimated different good-ness-of-ft indices. The interviews were transcribed into 8,071 English words ( 13,916 Chinese characters) for qualitative analysis. MAXQDA 2020 was employed to analyze the data using a deductive-inductive approach, which integrated the interview questions and the themes emerging from the data (Patton, 2002). The second author coded the data to examine: (a) students’ EFL burnout/resilience/engagement, and (b) their interactions. Using the dimensions of the constructs and the items of the scales, we devised the coding scheme (see Table 2). The disagreement on coding was settled by further discussion.
Codes | Sub-codes | Example |
Burnout | E-exha | e.g., unable to, overwhelmed, self-doubt… |
Cynicism | e.g., negative attitude, hate, disgusting… | |
R-efficacy | e.g., lose confidence, lack accomplishment, terrible grade… | |
Resilience | ER | e.g., able to, I can make it, never surrender… |
CR/MR | e.g., use learning strategies/method, regulate… | |
SR | e.g., ask help from parents/ teachers/ classmates/ friends… | |
Engagement | Vigor | e.g., energetic, work harder, more effort… |
Dedication | e.g., inspired, interested, enthusiastic, pride… | |
Absorption | e.g., absorbed, dedicated, devoted… |
5. Quantitative results
5.1. Confirmatory factor analysis

(ER, ego resilience; CR, cognitive resilience; SR, social resilience; EX, exclusion; cy, cynicism; RE, reduced-efficacy; VI, vigor; DE, dedication; AB, absorption)
5.2. Checking the model-to-data fit
Criteria | Cutoff | Evaluation | |||
Terrible | Acceptable | Excellent | |||
CMIN/DF | 3.333 | > 5 | > 3 | > 1 | Acceptable |
RMSEA | 0.075 | > 0.08 | < 0.08 | < 0.06 | Acceptable |
CFI | 0.917 | < 0.9 | > 0.9 | > 0.95 | Acceptable |
TLI | 0.912 | < 0.9 | > 0.9 | > 0.95 | Acceptable |
SRMR | 0.047 | > 0.1 | > 0.08 | < 0.08 | Excellent |
(
Fornell – Larcker Criterion | ||||||
CR | AVE | MSV | Burnout | Resilience | Engagement | |
Burnout | 0.955 | 0.876 | 0.351 | 0.936 | ||
Resilience | 0.953 | 0.871 | 0.750 | -0.556*** | 0.933 | |
Engagement | 0.993 | 0.978 | 0.750 | -0.593*** | 0.866*** | 0.989 |
5.3. Checking reciprocal predictability
Min | Max | M | SD | Skewness | SE | Kurtosis | SE | |
Burnout | 1.00 | 5.00 | 2.575 | 1.003 | 1.029 | 0.120 | -0.224 | 0.240 |
Resilience | 1.00 | 7.00 | 4.431 | 1.378 | 1.895 | 0.120 | 0.266 | 0.240 |
Engagement | 1.00 | 6.00 | 3.638 | 1.319 | 1.760 | 0.120 | -0.262 | 0.240 |

S.E. | C.R |
|
|
|
|
Burnout
|
0.071 | -8.662 | 0.000 | -0.535 | 0.286 |
Burnout
|
0.070 | -9.454 | 0.000 | -0.577 | 0.333 |
Resilience
|
1.356 | 12.023 | 0.000 | 0.840 | 0.706 |
6. Qualitative results

(E-exhaustion: emotional exhaustion; R-efficacy: reduced efficacy; ER: ego resilience; MR: metacognitive resilience;
6.1. Reciprocity between burnout and resilience
#Student 11:
English exercise for a long time and cannot solve it. This lowers my resilience. (Emotional exhaustion)
#Student 14:
#Student 6:
#Student 8:
#Student 4:
6.2. Reciprocity between burnout and engagement
#Student 2:
stressed. Even though I want to do my best to finish it, it is too overwhelming for me. This makes it hard for me to stay engaged. (Emotional exhaustion)
#Student 3:
Burnout would make me less engaged and efficient in learning English. It would also make me “snub” English and lower my interest in English. (Direct expression)
#Student 14:
My engagement in doing English excise does extricate me from my burnout. I feel more enjoyable and less burned out when I’m engaged in learning English. (Direct expression)
6.3. Reciprocity between resilience and engagement
#Student 2:
#Student 7:
#Student 15:
#Student 9:
7. Discussion
engagement in both general education and EFL learning contexts. This reciprocal relationship can be accounted for in terms of the COR theory (Hobfoll, 2012). This theory suggests that resilience and engagement form a positive feedback loop that enhance each other. It means that when people successfully experience the rewards of engagement using their coping strategies generated by their resilience, they become more resilient to further invest their resources into the engagement process. On balance, students with higher resilience might be more engaged in their EFL learning, and vice versa.
8. Conclusion
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Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Azari Noughabi, M. (2022). The interplay of EFL teachers’ immunity, work engagement, and psychological well-being: Evidence from four Asian countries. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143463 2.2022.2092625
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Researching and practicing positive psychology in second/foreign language learning and teaching: The past, current status and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731721
Wang, Y., & Guan, H. (2020). Exploring demotivation factors of Chinese learners of English as a foreign language based on positive psychology. Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica, 29,851-861. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.116
Wang, Y., & Derakhshan, A. (2023). Enhancing Chinese and Iranian EFL students’ willingness to attend classes: The role of teacher confirmation and caring. Porta Linguarum, 39(1):165192. http://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi39. 23625
Wang, Y. (2023). Probing into the boredom of online instruction among Chinese English language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12144-022-04223-3.
Xie, F. (2021). A study on Chinese EFL teachers’ work engagement: The predictability power of emotion regulation and teacher resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 735969. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735969
Xing, Z. (2022). English as a foreign language teachers’ work engagement, burnout, and their professional identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 916079. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.916079
Yu, J., & Chae, S. (2020). The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between the academic burnout and psychological well-being of medical students. Korean Journal of Medical Education, 32(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2020.149
Zhang, B. (2022). The relationship between Chinese EFL learners’ resilience and academic motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 871554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871554
Zhi, R., & Wang, Y. L. (2023). English as a foreign language teachers’ professional success, loving pedagogy and creativity: A structural equation modeling approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101370.