DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95186-5
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40158032
تاريخ النشر: 2025-03-29
افتح
الجنس يعدل التأثير الوسيط لرأس المال النفسي بين النشاط البدني وأعراض الاكتئاب لدى المراهقين
الملخص
يتطور المراهقون بسرعة، وهم حساسون للضغط البيئي الخارجي، وعرضة لأعراض الاكتئاب. تم تحديد النشاط البدني كعامل وقائي لأعراض الاكتئاب. يرتبط رأس المال النفسي ارتباطًا وثيقًا بأعراض الاكتئاب، وقد تم تحديد الجنس كعامل وقائي محتمل. بالنسبة للمراهقين في سن المراهقة المبكرة، تحتاج العلاقة المعقدة بين هذه العوامل إلى مزيد من الدراسة. كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو استكشاف الدور الوسيط لرأس المال النفسي بين أعراض الاكتئاب والنشاط البدني لدى المراهقين، والدور المعدل للجنس بين الاثنين. تم قياس النشاط البدني، وأعراض الاكتئاب ورأس المال النفسي بواسطة مقياس تقييم النشاط البدني (par-3)، ومقياس الاكتئاب المركزي (CES-D) ومقياس رأس المال النفسي (PCQAS) في 1146 مراهقًا. تم اختبار العلاقات المقترحة باستخدام النماذج 4 و 14 من نموذج المعادلة الهيكلية، على التوالي، لتأثيرات الوساطة والتنظيم. كان النشاط البدني مرتبطًا سلبًا بأعراض الاكتئاب ومرتبطًا إيجابيًا برأس المال النفسي. كان رأس المال النفسي مرتبطًا سلبًا بأعراض الاكتئاب ووسيطًا للعلاقة بين النشاط البدني وأعراض الاكتئاب. يؤثر الجنس بشكل فعال على النصف الثاني من مسار النموذج الوسيط. في المراهقين، وخاصة الفتيات، يمكن تخفيف أعراض الاكتئاب والوقاية منها من خلال زيادة النشاط البدني اليومي واحتياطي رأس المال النفسي الإيجابي.
مقدمة
يتبنون استراتيجيات تربية مختلفة للأولاد والبنات، مما يؤدي إلى اختلاف في تطوير الأولاد والبنات
طرق
السكان المدروسون
القياس
النشاط البدني

أعراض الاكتئاب
رأس المال النفسي
المتغيرات المشتركة
التحليل الإحصائي
النتائج
المعلومات العامة عن المشاركين
اختبار انحياز الطريقة الشائعة
تحليل الارتباط بين النشاط البدني ورأس المال النفسي وأعراض الاكتئاب لدى طلاب المدارس المتوسطة في المناطق الريفية
|
|
1 | 2 | ٣ | ٤ | ٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | |
| 1 الجنس | – | ||||||||
| 2 إقامة | – | -0.031 | – | ||||||
| 3 سنجلتون | – | 0.058 | 0.037 | – | |||||
| 4 المتروكين | – | -0.065* | 0.056 | -0.006 | – | ||||
| 5 هيكل الأسرة | – | 0.060* | -0.037 | -0.055 | -0.367** | – | |||
| 6 سنوات |
|
-0.033 | -0.044 | -0.011 | -0.029 | -0.056 | – | ||
| 7 النشاط البدني |
|
-0.206*** | 0.073* | -0.004 | -0.004 | -0.011 | -0.050 | – | |
| 8 أعراض اكتئابية |
|
|
-0.049 | -0.035 | -0.050 | 0.008 | 0.082** |
|
– |
| 9 رأس المال النفسي |
|
-0.045 | 0.050 | 0.039 | 0.061* | -0.015 | -0.059* |
|
|
| متغير النتيجة | متغير تنبؤي |
|
SE | ت |
|
ف |
| رأس المال النفسي | النشاط البدني | 0.279(0.201~0.358) | 0.040 | 6.999*** | 0.053 | 9.136 |
| جنس | -0.081(-2.497 ~ 2.335) | 1.231 | -0.066 | |||
| إقامة | 1.170(-1.193~3.352) | 1.204 | 0.971 | |||
| سنجلتون | 2.921(-1.275 ~ 7.117) | ٢.١٣٩ | 1.366 | |||
| المتروكون | 2.707(0.116~5.299) | 1.321 | 0.041* | |||
| هيكل الأسرة | 0.266(-1.112 ~ 1.645) | 0.703 | 0.379 | |||
| عمر | -0.969(-2.202 ~ 1.645) | 0.628 | -1.543 | |||
| عرض اكتئابي | النشاط البدني | -0.042(-0.078~-0.006) | 0.018 | -2.292* | 0.056 | 9.707 |
| جنس | 3.555(2.452~4.658) | 0.562 | 6.323*** | |||
| إقامة | -0.602(-1.680~0.477) | 0.550 | -1.095 | |||
| سنجلتون | -1.530(-3.446~0.386) | 0.976 | -1.567 | |||
| المتروكون | -0.790(-1.973 ~ 0.393) | 0.603 | -1.310 | |||
| هيكل الأسرة | -0.188(-0.817 ~ 0.442) | 0.321 | -0.585 | |||
| عمر | 0.797(0.235 ~ 1.360) | 0.287 | 2.780** | |||
| عرض اكتئابي | النشاط البدني | -0.024(-0.008 ~ 0.055) | 0.016 | 1.484 | 0.305 | 62.392 |
| رأس المال النفسي | -0.234(-0.257~-0.212) | 0.012 | -20.173*** | |||
| جنس | 3.536(2.589~4.483) | 0.483 | 7.326*** | |||
| إقامة | -0.328(-1.254~0.599) | 0.472 | 0.694 | |||
| سنجلتون | -0.845(-2.491~0.801) | 0.839 | -1.008 | |||
| المتروكون | -0.156(-1.173 ~862) | 0.519 | -0.300 | |||
| هيكل الأسرة | -0.125(-0.666 ~ 0.415) | 0.275 | -0.455 | |||
| عمر | 0.570(0.086~1.053) | 0.246 | 2.313* |
| مسار | أثر | خطأ في بدء التشغيل | 95% فترة الثقة للخطأ | |
| التأثير الكلي | النشاط البدني → أعراض الاكتئاب | -0.042 | 0.018 | -0.076~-0.006 |
| الأثر المباشر | النشاط البدني → أعراض الاكتئاب | 0.024 | 0.016 | -0.008~0.055 |
| أثر غير مباشر | النشاط البدني → رأس المال النفسي → أعراض الاكتئاب | -0.066 | 0.010 | -0.086~-0.046 |
تحليل الوساطة
تحليل الاعتدال للجنس في تأثير الوساطة

|
|
SE | ت |
|
ف | ||
| رأس المال النفسي | النشاط البدني | 0.280(0.203 ~ 0.356) | 0.039 | 7.170*** | 0.053 | 10.667 |
| إقامة | 1.171(-1.190~3.532) | 1.203 | 0.973 | |||
| سنجلتون | 2.913(-1.274 ~ 7.100) | ٢.١٣٤ | 1.365 | |||
| المتروكون | 2.712(0.124 ~ 5.300) | 1.319 | 2.056* | |||
| هيكل الأسرة | 0.264(-1.112 ~ 1.641) | 0.702 | 0.377 | |||
| عمر | -0.968(-2.198 ~ 0.263) | 0.627 | -1.542 | |||
| عرض اكتئابي | النشاط البدني | 0.019(-0.012 ~ 0.051) | 0.016 | 1.219 | 0.317 | ٥٨.٥٢٥ |
| رأس المال النفسي | -0.086(-0.155~-0.016) | 0.036 | -2.400* | |||
| جنس | 11.579(7.882 ~ 15.277) | 1.884 | 6.145*** | |||
| رأس المال النفسي × الجنس | -0.100(-0.144~-0.055) | 0.023 | -4.413*** | |||
| إقامة | -0.230(-1.149~-0.690) | 0.469 | -0.490 | |||
| سنجلتون | -0.754(-2.388~-0.879) | 0.832 | -0.906 | |||
| المتروكون | -0.190(-1.199~-0.820) | 0.515 | -0.369 | |||
| هيكل الأسرة | -0.144(-0.680~-0.392) | 0.273 | -0.527 | |||
| عمر | 0.505(0.024~0.985) | 0.250 | 2.060* |
نقاش

تُعزى الفروق بين الرجال والنساء إلى اختلافات في الأدوار الجندرية، لذا يتمتع الأولاد بسمات أكثر عدوانية واستقلالية، بينما تتمتع الفتيات بسمات أكثر حساسية وحنانًا، مما سيؤثر بشكل أكبر على نفسية وسلوك الأولاد والبنات.
الخاتمة
توفر البيانات
تم النشر عبر الإنترنت: 29 مارس 2025
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الشكر والتقدير
مساهمات المؤلف
التمويل
الإعلانات
موافقة الأخلاقيات والموافقة على المشاركة
المصالح المتنافسة
معلومات إضافية
معلومات إعادة الطبع والتصاريح متاحة على www.nature.com/reprints.
ملاحظة الناشر تظل Springer Nature محايدة فيما يتعلق بالمطالبات القضائية في الخرائط المنشورة والانتماءات المؤسسية.
© المؤلفون 2025، نشر مصحح 2025
كلية علوم الرياضة، جامعة جيشو، جيشو، الصين. كلية التربية البدنية والفنون، جامعة هونان الطبية، هوايهو، الصين. ساهم جيانهوا تشانغ ويانغ ليو بالتساوي في هذا العمل. البريد الإلكتروني: zjh828288@163.com; Idyedu@foxmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95186-5
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40158032
Publication Date: 2025-03-29
OPEN
Gender moderates the mediating effect of psychological capital between physical activity and depressive symptoms among adolescents
Abstract
Adolescents develop rapidly, are sensitive to external environmental pressure, and are prone to depression symptoms. Physical activity has been identified as a protective factor for depressive symptoms. Psychological capital is strongly associated with depressive symptoms, and gender has been identified as a potential protective factor. For adolescents in early adolescence, the complex relationship between these factors needs further study. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of psychological capital between depressive symptoms and physical activity in adolescents, and the moderating role of gender between the two. Physical activity, depressive symptoms and psychological capital were measured by Physical Activity Rating Scale (par-3), Central Depression Scale (CES-D) and Psychological Capital Scale (PCQAS) in 1146 adolescents. The proposed relationships were tested using models 4 and 14 of the structural equation model, respectively, for mediating and regulating effects. Physical activity was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and positively correlated with psychological capital. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and mediated the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Gender effectively moderates the latter half of the mediated model pathway. In adolescents, especially girls, depression symptoms can be alleviated and prevented by increasing daily physical activity and positive psychological capital reserve.
Introduce
adopt different parenting strategies for boys and girls, which leads to the difference in the development of boys and girls
Methods
Study population
Measurement
Physical activity

Depression symptoms
Psychological capital
Covariates
Statistical Analysis
Results
General information of participants
Common method bias test
Correlation analysis of physical activity, psychological capital, and depression symptoms in rural middle school students
|
|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| 1 Gender | – | ||||||||
| 2 Accommodation | – | -0.031 | – | ||||||
| 3 Singleton | – | 0.058 | 0.037 | – | |||||
| 4 Left-behind | – | -0.065* | 0.056 | -0.006 | – | ||||
| 5 Family structure | – | 0.060* | -0.037 | -0.055 | -0.367** | – | |||
| 6 Age |
|
-0.033 | -0.044 | -0.011 | -0.029 | -0.056 | – | ||
| 7 Physical activity |
|
-0.206*** | 0.073* | -0.004 | -0.004 | -0.011 | -0.050 | – | |
| 8 Depressive symptom |
|
|
-0.049 | -0.035 | -0.050 | 0.008 | 0.082** |
|
– |
| 9 Psychological capital |
|
-0.045 | 0.050 | 0.039 | 0.061* | -0.015 | -0.059* |
|
|
| Outcome variable | Predictive variable |
|
SE | t |
|
F |
| Psychological capital | Physical activity | 0.279(0.201~0.358) | 0.040 | 6.999*** | 0.053 | 9.136 |
| Gender | -0.081(-2.497 ~ 2.335) | 1.231 | -0.066 | |||
| Accommodation | 1.170(-1.193~3.352) | 1.204 | 0.971 | |||
| Singleton | 2.921(-1.275 ~ 7.117) | 2.139 | 1.366 | |||
| Left-behind | 2.707(0.116~5.299) | 1.321 | 0.041* | |||
| Family structure | 0.266(-1.112 ~ 1.645) | 0.703 | 0.379 | |||
| Age | -0.969(-2.202 ~ 1.645) | 0.628 | -1.543 | |||
| Depressive symptom | Physical activity | -0.042(-0.078~-0.006) | 0.018 | -2.292* | 0.056 | 9.707 |
| Gender | 3.555(2.452~4.658) | 0.562 | 6.323*** | |||
| Accommodation | -0.602(-1.680~0.477) | 0.550 | -1.095 | |||
| Singleton | -1.530(-3.446~0.386) | 0.976 | -1.567 | |||
| Left-behind | -0.790(-1.973 ~ 0.393) | 0.603 | -1.310 | |||
| Family structure | -0.188(-0.817 ~ 0.442) | 0.321 | -0.585 | |||
| Age | 0.797(0.235 ~ 1.360) | 0.287 | 2.780** | |||
| Depressive symptom | Physical activity | -0.024(-0.008 ~ 0.055) | 0.016 | 1.484 | 0.305 | 62.392 |
| Psychological capital | -0.234(-0.257~-0.212) | 0.012 | -20.173*** | |||
| Gender | 3.536(2.589~4.483) | 0.483 | 7.326*** | |||
| Accommodation | -0.328(-1.254~0.599) | 0.472 | 0.694 | |||
| Singleton | -0.845(-2.491~0.801) | 0.839 | -1.008 | |||
| Left-behind | -0.156(-1.173 ~862) | 0.519 | -0.300 | |||
| Family structure | -0.125(-0.666 ~ 0.415) | 0.275 | -0.455 | |||
| Age | 0.570(0.086~1.053) | 0.246 | 2.313* |
| Path | Effect | Boot standard error | 95%BootCI | |
| Total effect | Physical activity →Depressive symptom | -0.042 | 0.018 | -0.076~-0.006 |
| Direct effect | Physical activity →Depressive symptom | 0.024 | 0.016 | -0.008~0.055 |
| Indirect effect | Physical activity → Psychological capital → Depressive symptom | -0.066 | 0.010 | -0.086~-0.046 |
Mediation analysis
Moderation analysis of gender in the mediation effect

|
|
SE | t |
|
F | ||
| Psychological capital | Physical activity | 0.280(0.203 ~ 0.356) | 0.039 | 7.170*** | 0.053 | 10.667 |
| Accommodation | 1.171(-1.190~3.532) | 1.203 | 0.973 | |||
| Singleton | 2.913(-1.274 ~ 7.100) | 2.134 | 1.365 | |||
| Left-behind | 2.712(0.124 ~ 5.300) | 1.319 | 2.056* | |||
| Family structure | 0.264(-1.112 ~ 1.641) | 0.702 | 0.377 | |||
| Age | -0.968(-2.198 ~ 0.263) | 0.627 | -1.542 | |||
| Depressive symptom | Physical activity | 0.019(-0.012 ~ 0.051) | 0.016 | 1.219 | 0.317 | 58.525 |
| Psychological capital | -0.086(-0.155~-0.016) | 0.036 | -2.400* | |||
| Gender | 11.579(7.882 ~ 15.277) | 1.884 | 6.145*** | |||
| Psychological capital × gender | -0.100(-0.144~-0.055) | 0.023 | -4.413*** | |||
| Accommodation | -0.230(-1.149~-0.690) | 0.469 | -0.490 | |||
| Singleton | -0.754(-2.388~-0.879) | 0.832 | -0.906 | |||
| Left-behind | -0.190(-1.199~-0.820) | 0.515 | -0.369 | |||
| Family structure | -0.144(-0.680~-0.392) | 0.273 | -0.527 | |||
| Age | 0.505(0.024~0.985) | 0.250 | 2.060* |
Discussion

differences between men and women are caused by differences in gender roles, so boys have more aggressive and independent traits, while girls have more sensitive and warm-hearted traits, which will further affect the psychology and behavior of boys and girls
Conclusion
Data availability
Published online: 29 March 2025
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© The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025
School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China. School of Physical Education and Art, Hunan Medical University, Huaihua, China. Jianhua Zhang and Yang Liu contributed equally to this work. email: zjh828288@163.com; Idyedu@foxmail.com
