DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/jir.s445806
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38406326
تاريخ النشر: 2024-02-01
فيتامين ك: العدوى، الالتهاب، والمناعة الذاتية
الملخص
فيتامين ك (VK) يتكون من مجموعة من المواد ذات النشاط الحيوي الكلوروفيل الكينون ويظهر في الطبيعة في شكل VK1 و VK2. نظرًا لأن التعرف الأول عليه نشأ من قدرته على تعزيز تجلط الدم، فإنه يعرف بفيتامين التجلط. ومع ذلك، استنادًا إلى أبحاث واسعة، أظهر VK إمكانات للوقاية والعلاج من أمراض مختلفة. الدراسات التي تظهر التأثيرات المفيدة لـ VK على المناعة، والقدرة المضادة للأكسدة، وتنظيم الميكروبات المعوية، وتطور الظهارة، وحماية العظام قد جذبت اهتمامًا متزايدًا في السنوات الأخيرة. تركز هذه المقالة الاستعراضية على آلية عمل VK وتأثيراته الوقائية والعلاجية المحتملة على العدوى (مثل الربو، COVID-19)، الالتهاب (مثل في مرض السكري من النوع 2، مرض الزهايمر، مرض باركنسون، السرطان، الشيخوخة، تصلب الشرايين) واضطرابات المناعة الذاتية (مثل مرض الأمعاء الالتهابي، مرض السكري من النوع 1، التصلب المتعدد، التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي). بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تعتبر البروتينات المعتمدة على VK (VKDPs) آلية حاسمة أخرى يمارس من خلالها VK تأثيرات مضادة للالتهابات ومعدلة للمناعة. تستكشف هذه المراجعة الدور المحتمل لـ VK في منع الشيخوخة، ومكافحة الاضطرابات العصبية، وعلاج الأمراض مثل السرطان والسكري. على الرغم من أن الأبحاث الحالية تعين VK كأداة علاجية للتطبيقات السريرية العملية في العدوى، والالتهابات، والأمراض المناعية الذاتية، إلا أن الأبحاث المستقبلية ضرورية لتوضيح آلية العمل بمزيد من التفصيل والتغلب على القيود الحالية.
المقدمة
(AD)، مرض باركنسون (PD)، السرطان، الشيخوخة، تصلب الشرايين) واضطرابات المناعة الذاتية (مثل مرض الأمعاء الالتهابي (IBD)، مرض السكري من النوع 1 (T1DM)، التصلب المتعدد (MS)، والتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA)). تهدف هذه المراجعة إلى تلخيص الأدبيات الحالية بشأن آثار مكملات VK في العدوى والاستجابة المناعية، بما في ذلك الأدلة من الدراسات قبل السريرية والسريرية.
الخصائص الكيميائية والفسيولوجية لفيتامين ك
فيتامين ك والعدوى
الربو
COVID-19
فيتامين ك والالتهاب
مرض السكري من النوع 2 (T2DM)
تتمثل الوظيفة المعروفة لفيتامين K في التجلط، ولكنه يلعب أيضًا دورًا مهمًا في استقرار مستوى السكر في الدم، وتحسين حساسية الأنسولين، والسيطرة على مرض السكري.
مرض الزهايمر (AD)
كائن | تناول VK | غرض | استنتاج | مرجع |
رجل شاب صحي | تناول الغذاء المعتاد | ناقش العلاقة بين استجابة الأنسولين الحادة ومدخول فيتامين K. | تناول كميات عالية من فيتامين ك مفيد لتحسين حساسية الأنسولين. | [23] |
رجل شاب صحي | VK2 | استكشاف تأثير تناول أقراص VK2 لمدة أسبوع على تحمل الجلوكوز لدى رجل شاب صحي. | VK2 مفيد لتوازن مستوى السكر في الدم. | [24] |
الرجال والنساء | تناول الغذاء المعتاد | دراسة العلاقة بين تناول فيتامين K وحالة سكر الدم الناتجة عن الأنسولين لدى الرجال والنساء. | VKI و VK2 مفيدان لتحسين اضطراب سكر الدم. | [25] |
رجال ونساء كبار في السن | تناول الغذاء المعتاد | تحقيق ما إذا كان تناول مكملات فيتامين ك لمدة 36 شهرًا يمكن أن يحسن مقاومة الأنسولين لدى الرجال والنساء المسنين. | تناول VKI مفيد لتحسين الأنسولين لدى الرجال المسنين. | [26] |
نساء ما قبل السكري | مع أو بدون 500
|
افحص التأثير التنظيمي لمكملات VKI على توازن الجلوكوز في النساء المعرضات للإصابة بالسكري. | يمكن أن يحسن تناول مكملات VKI مستوى سكر الدم لدى النساء المصابات بمرحلة ما قبل السكري. | [27] |
نساء ما قبل السكري | مع أو بدون
|
دراسة ما إذا كانت مكملات VKI تؤثر على استقلاب الجلوكوز أو حساسية الأنسولين لدى النساء المصابات بمرحلة ما قبل السكري. | مكملات VKI مفيدة لتحسين مستوى السكر في الدم وحساسية الأنسولين لدى النساء المعرضات للإصابة بالسكري. | [28] |
مرض باركنسون (PD)
السرطان

الشيخوخة
تصلب الشرايين
فيتامين K والأمراض المناعية الذاتية
مرض الأمعاء الالتهابي (IBD)
داء السكري من النوع الأول (TIDM)
التصلب المتعدد (MS)
التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (RA)
المناقشات

المؤلف، السنة (البلد) (المرجع) | المشاركون، العمر | تصميم (الطول) | تعرض التدخل | أثر التدخل على المرض |
شيراكِي وآخرون 2000 اليابان
|
241 PMO 67.2 سنة | مرتقب
|
|
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إيواموتو وآخرون 2001 اليابان
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72 PMO 65.3 سنة | محتمل 2 سنة |
|
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بوروسونو وآخرون 2006 إندونيسيا
|
63 PMO 60.8 سنة | RCT 48 و |
|
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بولتون-سميث وآخرون 2007 المملكة المتحدة
|
244 صحي W 68.2 ي | RCT 2 سنة |
|
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كنابين وآخرون 2007 | 325 بي إم دبليو | RCT |
|
|
تشونغ وآخرون 2008 كندا
|
400 PMOa 59.1 ي | RCT 2-4 سنوات |
|
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هيراوا وآخرون 2008 اليابان
|
44 PMW 68.4 ي | من المحتمل |
|
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تسوجاوا وآخرون 2008 اليابان
|
379 غرب 63.0 ي | محتمل 3 سنوات | ارتفاع مؤشر كتلة الجسم مقابل انخفاض مؤشر كتلة الجسم |
|
جي وآخرون 2011 كوريا
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78 PMW 67.8 ي | RCT 6 أشهر |
|
|
كنابين وآخرون 2013 | 244 بي إم دبليو | RCT |
|
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||||
جيانغ وآخرون 2014 الصين
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213 PMW 64.4 ي | RCT لي |
|
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رون وآخرون 2016 الدنمارك
|
148 PMOa 67.5 ي | RCT لي |
|
|
شيا وآخرون 2009 الولايات المتحدة
|
388 (235:153) صحي 68 سنة | RCT 3 سنوات |
|
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تشونغ وآخرون 2015 الولايات المتحدة
|
3401 (2245:1156) CKD 61.9 سنة | متابعة 13.3 سنة |
|
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كرناتوسكا وآخرون 2015 بولندا
|
42 (20:22) مرضى غير خاضعين للغسيل الكلوي يعانون من مرض الكلى المزمن 58 سنة | RCT 270 يوم |
|
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براندنبورغ وآخرون 2017 ألمانيا
|
99 (18:81) AVC 69.1 ي | RCT لي |
|
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شيا وآخرون 2020 الولايات المتحدة
|
3891(2154:1737)
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متابعة 13 سنة |
|
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يوشيدا وآخرون 2008 الولايات المتحدة
|
2719 (1472:1247) صحي 68 سنة | RCT 36 شهر |
|
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شيا وآخرون 2017 الولايات المتحدة
|
401 (237:164) من البالغين الأكبر سناً الذين يعيشون في المجتمع
|
RCT 3 سنوات |
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كنابين وآخرون 2018 هولندا
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214 PMW 60 ي | RCT 3 سنوات |
|
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أغوايو-رويز وآخرون 2020 المكسيك
|
RCT 3 أشهر | |||
40 (24:16) T2D 56 سنة | (1)
|
(1):
|
||
ساكك وآخرون 2020 إيران
|
68 (42:26) T2D 57.6 سنة | RCT 12 أسبوع |
|
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الاستنتاجات وآفاق المستقبل
يجب تحسين الوقاية والعلاج بشكل أكبر. لذلك، فإن البحث المستقبلي مطلوب لاستكشاف هذه القضية بشكل أعمق، ويأمل أن يتم تطبيق الأدوار الإيجابية لفيتامين ك في الوقاية من الأمراض وعلاجها في العلاج السريري العملي في أقرب وقت ممكن.
الاختصارات
مساهمات المؤلفين
تمويل
الإفصاح
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انشر عملك في هذه المجلة
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/jir.s445806
PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38406326
Publication Date: 2024-02-01
Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) comprises a group of substances with chlorophyll quinone bioactivity and exists in nature in the form of VK1 and VK2. As its initial recognition originated from the ability to promote blood coagulation, it is known as the coagulation vitamin. However, based on extensive research, VK has shown potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of VK on immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota regulation, epithelial development, and bone protection have drawn growing interest in recent years. This review article focuses on the mechanism of action of VK and its potential preventive and therapeutic effects on infections (eg, asthma, COVID-19), inflammation (eg, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, aging, atherosclerosis) and autoimmune disorders (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). In addition, VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are another crucial mechanism by which VK exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This review explores the potential role of VK in preventing aging, combating neurological abnormalities, and treating diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Although current research appoints VK as a therapeutic tool for practical clinical applications in infections, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, future research is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action in more detail and overcome current limitations.
Introduction
(AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cancer, aging, atherosclerosis) and autoimmune disorders (eg, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)). This review aims to summarize the current literature regarding the implications of VK supplementation in infections and the immune response, including evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies.
Chemical and Physiological Characteristics of Vitamin K
Vitamin K and Infections
Asthma
COVID-19
Vitamin K and Inflammation
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
known function of VK is coagulation, it also plays an important role in stabilizing blood sugar, improving insulin sensitivity and controlling diabetes.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Object | VK intake | Purpose | Conclusion | Ref |
Healthy young man | Usual dietary intake | Discuss Relationship between acute insulin response and VK intake. | High VK intake is beneficial to improve the insulin sensitivity. | [23] |
Healthy young man | VK2 | Explore the effect of one-week VK2 tablet intake on glucose tolerance of healthy young man. | VK2 is beneficial to blood glucose balance. | [24] |
Men and women | Usual dietary intake | Study the relationship between VK intake and insulin-induced blood glucose status in men and women. | VKI and VK2 are beneficial to improve blood glucose disorder. | [25] |
Older men and women | Usual dietary intake | Investigate whether VK supplementation for 36 months can improve insulin resistance in elderly men and women. | VKI intake is beneficial to improve insulin in elderly men. | [26] |
Prediabetic women | With or without 500
|
Examine the regulatory effect of VKI supplementation on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic women. | Supplementation of VKI can improve blood glucose status of women with pre-diabetes mellitus. | [27] |
Prediabetic women | With or without
|
Study whether VKI supplementation affects glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity in women with pre-diabetes mellitus. | VKI supplementation is beneficial to improve blood glucose status and insulin sensitivity for pre-diabetic women. | [28] |
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
Cancer

Aging
Atherosclerosis
Vitamin K and Auto-Immune Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Type I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Discussions

Author, Year (Country) (Ref) | Participants, Age | Design (Length) | Intervention Exposure | Effect of Intervention on Illness |
Shiraki et al 2000 Japan
|
241 PMO 67.2 y | Prospective
|
|
|
Iwamoto et al 2001 Japan
|
72 PMO 65.3 y | Prospective 2 y |
|
|
Purwosunu et al 2006 Indonesia
|
63 PMO 60.8 y | RCT 48 w |
|
|
Bolton-Smith et al 2007 UK
|
244 Healthy W 68.2 y | RCT 2 y |
|
|
Knapen et al 2007 | 325 PMW | RCT |
|
|
Cheung et al 2008 Canada
|
400 PMOa 59.1 y | RCT 2-4 y |
|
|
Hirao et al 2008 Japan
|
44 PMW 68.4 y | Prospective ly |
|
|
Tsugawa et al 2008 Japan
|
379 W 63.0 y | Prospective 3 y | High VKI vs low VKI |
|
Je et al 2011 Korea
|
78 PMW 67.8 y | RCT 6 mo |
|
|
Knapen et al 2013 | 244 PMW | RCT |
|
|
|
||||
Jiang et al 2014 China
|
213 PMW 64.4 y | RCT ly |
|
|
Rønn et al 2016 Denmark
|
148 PMOa 67.5 y | RCT ly |
|
|
Shea et al 2009 USA
|
388 (235:153) Healthy 68 y | RCT 3 y |
|
|
Cheung et al 2015 USA
|
3401 (2245:1156) CKD 61.9 y | Follow-up 13.3 y |
|
|
Kurnatowska et al 2015 Poland
|
42 (20:22) Nondialyzed patients with CKD 58 y | RCT 270 days |
|
|
Brandenburg et al 2017 Germany
|
99 (18:81) AVC 69.1 y | RCT ly |
|
|
Shea et al 2020 USA
|
3891(2154:1737)
|
Follow-up 13 y |
|
|
Yoshida et al 2008 USA
|
2719 (1472:1247) healthy 68 y | RCT 36 mo |
|
|
Shea et al 2017 USA
|
401 (237:164) older community-dwelling adults
|
RCT 3 y |
|
|
|
||||
Knapen et al 2018 Netherlands
|
214 PMW 60 y | RCT 3 y |
|
|
Aguayo-Ruiz et al 2020 Mexico
|
RCT 3 mo | |||
40 (24:16) T2D 56 y | (1)
|
(1):
|
||
Sakak et al 2020 Iran
|
68 (42:26) T2D 57.6 y | RCT 12 w |
|
|

Conclusions and Future Perspective
prevention and treatment needs to be further refined. Future research is therefore warranted to further explore this issue, and it is hoped that the positive roles of VK in disease prevention and treatment could be applied to practical clinical treatment as soon as possible.
Abbreviations
Author Contributions
Funding
Disclosure
References
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